Markets Free Essays

k Market division Market segmentationâ is aâ marketing strategyâ that includes partitioning a broadâ target marketâ into subsets ofâ consumersâ who have regular needs, and afterward be planned and actualized to focus on these particular client fragments, tending to requirements or wants that are accepted to be normal in this portion, utilizing media that is utilized by the market section. Nivea utilized division at two levels * Micro level * Macro level Micro level division Nivea utilized smaller scale level nivea devided their item into complete wellbeing items and magnificence items . At smaller scale level Segment division Demographic segmentationâ consists of separating the market into bunches dependent on factors, for example, age, sexual orientation family size, pay, occupation, instruction, religion, race and nationality. We will compose a custom exposition test on Markets or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now Nivea additionally utilized segment division they made male/female and youthful/youngsters various fragments since male lean towards accommodation while female needs increasingly rich sun items and kids likewise unique need from youngsters. Psychographic division Psychographic division: purchasers are separated by their way of life, character, qualities and social class. Purchasers inside a similar segment gathering can display altogether different psychographic profiles. Events this portions on the premise ofâ when an item is bought or expended There are a wide range of events when individuals need diverse sun assurance like. Occasions, outside games, cultivating, working and so on for e. g. Individuals getting a charge out of occasions in Egypt will require distinctive sun insurance factor( SPF) while individual in UK needs extraordinary SPF. Nivea have thought about every one of these components and furnishes wide scope of sun items with SPF shifting from 4 to 50 Benefit looked for This expects advertisers to distinguish and comprehend the fundamental advantages buyers search for in an item. Essential goal of sun screen is to give assurance from hurtful radiation of sun. be that as it may, how the inclinations will be conveyed shift from fragment to portion. For e. g. men needs comfort like shower utensils for guardians it is fundamental to shield their youngsters from sun oriented radiations so they need high SPH with shaded items. So nevia have various kinds of sun screen items Geographical division Step by step instructions to refer to Markets, Papers Markets Free Essays These business sectors incorporates extremely intense rivalry; as contention in the Brewing business is progressively high. SABMILLER keep an eye on own numerous brands with various market positions. In this market, it is a lot simpler for contenders to dispatch rival items that contend legitimately on cost and in this manner disintegrating piece of the pie. We will compose a custom exposition test on Markets or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now Subsequent to breaking down the company’s rivalry, SABMiller has and still is encountering this issue; for instance in North America; particularly as of late where lnBev has purchased Anhevser-Busch; this has helped the prevailing Brewer to expand a further space among themselves and SABMiller; which has influenced the company’s piece of the overall industry tentative arrangements profoundly, SABMiller now needs to think of new imaginative plans to attempt to close the hole among them and A-B lnBev. The American Industry is the biggest preparing market by an incentive as contention is presently more exceptional than any other time in recent memory, which means more contenders, are going into a value war with SABMiller. This has become a tremendous danger for SABMiller, yet it does likewise hold chances to debilitate this danger down. For instance the organization has the chance to gain more stakes in the Brazilian market, or become the proprietor of China assets which is the biggest brewer in China. SAB’s procurement of Miller was generally because of the weight from the London Stock Exchange. It is felt that SAB was in danger because of its over dependence of delicate monetary standards in certain market. Despite the fact that their center abilities were somewhere else, SAB went on with the takeover to satisfy the partners. SABMiller’s South African Culture has molded the key advancement of the organization. It is this culture, which makes their particular capacity of entering developing markets less imitable. As featured for the situation study, SABMiller methodology speaks to blend of learning dependent on the authentic advancements of the organization. The most effective method to refer to Markets, Papers

Sales Management&The Salesman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Deals Management&The Salesman - Essay Example They are clarified underneath. Any supervisor or an individual who is a fundamental piece of an organization will need greatest utility of their item. At the point when the sales rep sold the most costly and top-of-the-run programming to a 2-man antique shop then the item was path past their needs since they required a straightforward bookkeeping programming and individuals have a propensity for speaking awful about an item when it is of no utilization to them. Since verbal exchange is a very string publicizing strategy that chooses the achievement or disappointment of an organization. It can transform a star item into a futile canine whenever let free or not utilized successfully. Since there is no returning this strategy in light of the fact that once the organization's picture goes down the channel the impacts are deadly. Another explanation can be the untrustworthiness of the sales rep. A decent sales rep must thoroughly consider of the container and it is their obligation to enable the client to locate the best item. In the event that the sales rep can pull in the client with his abilities, at that point the subsequent stage is impacting the client enough to make brand dedication. Further brand unwaveringness can be gotten the money for at each progression of the selling procedure. Be that as it may, the sales rep for this situation, being a star sales rep for reasons unknown neglected to satisfy this necessity. Ultimately, such bungles can ruin the brand picture of the organization.

Losing Weight and Saving Money

Losing Weight and Saving Money Losing Weight and Saving Money Losing Weight and Saving MoneySaving money and losing weight are two of the biggest challenges a person can face. And they definitely tie into each other. Fatty, fast foods are often the cheapest and quickest options available.And gym memberships? Don’t even get us started. Are those weights made out of diamonds? Are the treadmills lined with gold? Do the showers spray fresh beluga caviar?As difficult as it may be, it is indeed possible to lose weight while saving money. And living a healthier life can be more affordable in the long run. That’s why we spoke to The Experts to find out the best ways to keep your body and wallet in tip top shape.Plan your menuYou barely have time to do one job. How are you supposed to become your own private chef? But cooking for yourself can actually save you time in the long run! As registered dietitian Kim Melton  told us:“Plan your menu, make a list of groceries according to what healthy recipes you chose for meals and snacks for a week and st ick to your plan. Not only does this save you time because it means you have everything on hand and dont have to make any surprise trips to the grocery store, but it saves you money as well. You are less tempted to eat unhealthy foods when you think about what youre eating and cooking. Another suggestion would be to download a meal tracking app on your phone. These apps are usually free. We often eat more than we think and this will help you to be more aware of how much youre actually eating throughout the day and will keep you on track with your specific calorie/energy needs.”And you can use that phone to listen to food-themed music or podcasts as you cook. Or whatever it is you like to listen to.Making your own food at home also means you won’t have to eat out, which isn’t only expensive, but tends to be less healthy.“A study published last year in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics discovered that the average restaurant meal contains between 1,205 and 1 ,496 calories,” Dr. Apovian, director of the Nutrition and Weight Management Center at the Boston Medical Center, told us. “This applies to both chain and independent restaurants. The only way you can be certain of what you are consuming is to prepare your meals at home. You’ll save money too!”Drink more waterYou’re already paying for water, so you might as well drink it. And Dr. Apovian recommends it: “Drinking water keeps the metabolism running, helps us to feel full throughout the day, encourages us to eat less at meals without deprivation, and saves you money you would have spent on other beverages.”And water isn’t the only liquid you can drink to lose weight and save money. Dr. Apovian suggests trying out a smoothie lunch with whey and casein protein.Don’t forget to sleepLosing weight isn’t just about what you do while you’re awake. It’s also important to try and get a good night’s sleep. But don’t take our word for it. Here’s what best-selling nut rition author Yuri Elkaim  had to say:“Consistent, high-quality sleep is the most underestimated aid to help you lose weight without exercise, hands down. It starts with establishing a regular sleep schedule; go to bed at the same time every night and wake up at the same time every morning. Your natural daily rhythm (known as your circadian rhythm) is probably the most important determinant of the health of your hormones and your body’s ability to lose weight and keep it off. If you get that all out of whack, you can kill yourself in the gym and eat green salads and grilled chicken breasts all you want, but none of it will help you lose weight. Seven to nine hours every night is what you’re aiming for. About seven and a half is the magic number for me.”Try alternative exerciseAs we said earlier, joining a gym tends to come with some pretty outrageous fees. But there are a lot of other options out there to burn calories.Melton suggests turning to apps and the internet rather than gym memberships. Or as she puts it: “I recommend certain apps that can help them track their food, portion size and calorie level such as MyFitnessPal. This app will allow certain calories based on personal information you enter into the app. Also, there are several good home workouts that you can access on YouTube if you have internet.   Many of these exercises use body weight or very simple dumbbells, resistance bands or similar inexpensive equipment. The workouts are free and all can be done in the privacy of your home without the expensive gym membership.”You can even move those muscles without leaving your chair (though you should also leave your chair). Elkaim offers this unique tip: “The next time you sit down to eat, try priming your body to receive those nutrients by contracting your muscles for 30 seconds. You’ll feel heat generating in your body, which means your muscles are generating heat as a by-product. Your breathing will also increase. It may feel silly , but you’re essentially producing some of the same effects you’d experience during a workout. We know that the biggest meal of your day should come after your workout, and that’s because exercising makes your muscle cells open up like a flower to the sun. This is exactly when you want to give them the nutrients they need. Eating at any other time of the day increases the likelihood that the nutrients you’re taking in will be stored elsewhere in your body, like in your fat cells. You don’t want that, so prevent it by turning your muscles on before each meal; you’ll decrease the potential damage of whatever you’re sitting down to eat.”Even if you are willing to spend some money on your exercise routine, there are still far cheaper options than a monthly gym membership. Fitness expert Amie Hoff  created one such option, called the FitKit, that she sees as the perfect affordable gym replacement:“I created FitKit to offer people an affordable workout solution, a way to lose weight and get in shape without the pricey gym fees. As a personal trainer based in NYC, I work one on one with clients which can be costly, so there are a ton of free resources that come with the FitKit: a 6-week workout and nutrition plan, workout videos, 24/7 email access to our trainers and dietitians to ask any questions. Its like having me as a personal trainer without the hefty price tag! Working out, losing weight and staying fit also make you more productive, which in turn allows you to work harder, get ahead and ultimately make more money.”FitKit costs $39.99, which is what you’ll pay for just one month at a lot of hoity toity fancy gyms.There’s no magic bulletAt the end of the day, there’s no one solution to losing weight and saving money. That’s why you have to focus on multiple methods. And it’s all the better if you can work multiple methods into single activities. That’s why health and wellness expert Audrey Christie  told us you should “make sur e the things you do serve double duty.“For example, if your errands are within a 10-mile radius, ride your bike… this burns calories and saves on gas plus wear and tear on your ride. Gardening provides you with fresh veggies and calories. There are lots of double duty things you can do.”Christie says these tips have helped her and her clients drop many pounds without losing too much money, which, if they were British, would also be called pounds.Take all of the tips listed here to heart, and you too can lose weight while saving money. It may not always be easy, but if it’s important to you, the results will be worth it. You’ll feel more fit, and you’ll have money to pay your bills so you don’t end up in a bad credit situation.Visit OppLoans on YouTube | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedINContributorsDr. Caroline Apovian  has worked in weight loss and nutrition for over 25 years.   She currently serves as Director of the Nutrition and Weight Management Center at the Boston Me dical Center, a professor of medicine at the Boston University School of Medicine, and vice president of The Obesity Society.  She lives in Boston, MA.Audrey Christie (@Audrey_C_Mcl) is a holistic wellness practitioner that helps to empower her clients to wellness. Her richly developed background and training includes Registered Nurse, Reiki Master, Certified Clinical Master of Aromatherapy, Yoga Teacher, Homeopathics and Epigenetics. She draws on all of this (plus infinite universal knowledge) to work with her clients via one-on-one sessions or group classes and courses. Recently Audrey has began sharing her how her lifestyle allows for major financial savings too.Yuri Elkaim (@yelkaim) is a fitness and fat loss expert, holistic nutritionist, and NYT bestselling author of The All-Day Energy Diet and the All-Day Fat Burning Diet. A former professional player turned health crusader, he’s most famous for boosting your energy and helping you burn fat and get lean faster by training s marter, not harder, and eating healthy foods that actually taste great. Hes on a mission to transform the lives of more than 10 million people by 2018. Visit yurielkaim.com for more clear, science-backed advice that makes fit and healthy simple again.Amie Hoff  is an internationally recognized fitness expert, dedicated to improving the lives of people everywhere. As a personal trainer, media contributor and public speaker, Amie thrives as a motivator and role model, sharing her expert fitness and health knowledge around the globe.Kim Melton  (@NutritionPro_1) is a consulting and media Registered Dietitian specializing in health,   fitness and weight management. She has a passion for teaching others how to implement sound nutrition and healthy lifestyle principles into their lives.     Check out her website nutritionproconsulting.com for recipes and articles that can help you reach your health goals!

Social Psychology - Aggression and Peoples Attitudes Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Opposite of statements like I am suspicious of overly friendly strangers and when people are especially nice, I wonder what they want are minimal scores as well, indicating that I generally do not have issues in terms of trusting other people. How does other people s attitude toward aggression compare to your own attitude toward aggression? Some of my family members who also took the test have a quite common answer regarding the four components of the aggression questionnaire. Although answers were not at all similar, then I can see that our answers are in many areas the same. Examining the results of their physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility indicate that similar to my attitude towards aggression, they too, are generally passive and view aggression as not the only way to resolve a conflict. Overall, their answers to the aggression questionnaire suggest that they have a minimal level of aggression. Results of my aggression test, as well as that of my family member s, suggest that my family and I have almost similar views on aggression. It indicates that much as possible, we tend to resolve conflicts without involving strong approach towards other people. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Psychology - Aggression and Peoples Attitudes or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page I found a study by Kohlberg and Tunel (1971) that would best describe this commonality of results of the aggression test taken by me and a few of my family members. Results of the study on moral development conducted to adolescents and their families in the early 1960s indicate that there are many factors to which the moral development of a person is shaped.

Mobile Learning - 7438 Words

Mobile learning in the 21st century: benefit for learners Abstract As the quantity of information available increases exponentially and the general pace of life accelerates, the ability to navigate, access, validate and share information will be a pivotal skill in an increasingly complex environment. This skill will affect every part of a person’s existence, including everything from their ability to remain competitive in the workplace, to their ability to make personal choices about holidays, social activities and personal development projects. This article proposes four fundamental learning advantages that are gained more easily, or to a greater degree, through the use of mLearning than through traditional face to face instruction,†¦show more content†¦The salesman on the way to meet a client, the worker sitting on public transport, the emergency services personnel on the street and the list of examples goes on. But how much would modern society actually use this facility if it were available? The increased requirement to undertake personal learning to maintain a competitive advantage in the global economy (Falk Dierking 2002) has resulted in the average adult spending 15 hours per week conducting deliberate personal learning. Considering those 15 hours per week are not conducted at regular times or in regular places (Sharples 2003), the potential use is considerable. That potential is likely to increase as the information age accelerates. People will need to be able access information faster and more effectively if they are to increase their employability, business success, personal fulfilment and social development (Lowey, 2003). mLearning provides people with the opportunity to access information where it would previously have been impossible. This access advantage is not limited to time and location. The devices required to access mobile networks are relatively inexpensive compared to desktop or laptop computers (Savill-Smith Kent 2003). This reduced expense can make access to this learning available to people who otherwise could not afford it. Extensible Markup Language (XML) in the future could (if not XML thenShow MoreRelatedMobile Phone Is a Learning Tool1022 Words   |  5 Pages Topic: Mobile phones are a necessary tool for education. Discuss Mobile phones are the communication device that can connect people with others in any places. Students nowadays rely on mobile phones as their communication devices with friends and parents. Some of them think mobile phones as a learning tool. Are they really essential as a learning tool? This essay will argue that mobile phones are a necessary tool for education but also they are not necessary tool for education. Firstly, itRead MoreHow Can Mobile Learning Enhance Traditional Classroom Teaching Methodology?1911 Words   |  8 PagesHow can mobile learning enhance traditional classroom teaching methodology? Abstract This essay is conducted to investigate the effectiveness of using mobile learning for teaching and learning in general. Many theories have been proposed to describe ideal approaches and techniques for teaching methodologies. Recently, the new trend in e-learning theory has led to a new development of new mobile technologies which is reflected on the university classroom; this has been specifically helpful for teachingRead MoreThe Podcast Is An Example Of Mobile Learning ( M Learning )952 Words   |  4 PagesThe podcast is an example of mobile learning (m-learning). The online encyclopedia  «Britannica » describes mobile learning as one of the types of e-learning in which the student is not tied to a single fixed location; if desired, it can take advantage of educational materials is the usual educational space (the audience), and without using a computer (Berg, 2014). The issue of podcast usage in education is approached from the two controversial points of view. Opponents of the podcasts usage stateRead MoreThe Objectives Of Learning Mobile Electronic Commerce1450 Words   |  6 Pages The objectives of learning Mobile Electronic Commerce are: †¢ To view new and existing Opportunities in MEC. †¢ To understand the nature oforganizations as open systems and reasons for implementing and utilizing e-Commerce. †¢ Modifications that needs to take place in the organizations to effectively implement MEC. †¢ Role of Performance Management in improvingorganization’s performance in e-commerce. †¢ Importance of Customer Orientation in MEC. †¢ Operational and Strategic Outcomesof MEC in order toRead MoreEnglish As Second Language Learning776 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Vocabulary plays a significant role in English as second language learning process. For the majority of English as Second Language(ESL) learners, the ultimate goal of learning the language is to understand (read and listen) and communicate (write and speak) with little difficulty and the lack of sufficient vocabulary may be the constraint of such goal (Folse, 2004). As the bedrock of English and as well as language, vocabulary also facilitates the development of other language skills:Read MoreThe Management Of Talent Management1393 Words   |  6 Pagesfeatures of each of them. Vendor 1: Halogen Software Site: www.halogensoftware.com Description: According to their website: Halogen TalentSpace is a cloud-based, comprehensive suite of talent management solutions. The suite includes applications for learning management, performance management, recruitment and job description management, 360-degree feedback, succession planning and compensation management. They also offer industry-specific solutions to address unique requirements in healthcare, professionalRead MoreThe Effect Of Mobile And Wireless Communication On The Environment844 Words   |  4 Pagesindividual lifestyles and this includes an increase of mobile usage and social network consumption. The changes also enable the appearance of cloud technology and the utilization of data management called big data. Another effect that is placed in a classroom. The classroom in the 21st century is virtual and allows stakeholders include students and teachers to access courses through online devices. Lin, H., Wang, Y., Li, C. (2016). Mobile learning has become more and more important in the educationalRead MoreStatus Of Use Of Ict By Secondary School Students Of Nepal Essay1290 Words   |  6 Pagestheir learning. Key words: information and communication technology, Use of ICT 1. Introduction Information and communication technology (ICT) is modern conception in the field of education. It makes easy to understand new concepts, knowledge, skill related to daily life circumstances. Education system has been affected by technology (Adu Olatundun, 2013). New technologies challenge the traditional conceptions and ensure new concepts in teaching learning process. So use of ICT in learning hasRead MoreStudent Motivation, Attitudes, And Engagement Regarding Technology Usage1561 Words   |  7 Pagestake more control over their own learning, too. Technology helps change the student and teacher roles and relationships. With the presence of technology in the classroom, students now take responsibility for their learning outcomes, while teachers become their guides and facilitators. Furthermore, for economically disadvantaged students, the school may be the only place where they will have the opportunity to use a computer and integrate technology into their learning. Students today are no longerRead MoreIs Electronic Media Beneficial in Children’s Education? Essay1408 Words   |  6 Pages Education has become far more convenient as internet and social media had provided a vast opportunity to access as much knowledge as one can. From generation to generation, education remains as the essential part of a child life. To enhance the learning techniques and cognitive skills of a child electronic media play a vital role. But the valuable side of electronic media also meets some hazardous effects such as social isolation, obesity and eating disorder. Therefore, the essay argues that the

Role of Women in Ancient Egypt Free Essays

Thesis: Women in Ancient Egypt had numerous amounts of roles during Ancient History. What was the Role of a Woman in Ancient Egypt? I. Legal Rights of an Egyptian Woman A. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Women in Ancient Egypt or any similar topic only for you Order Now Equal with men 1. Right to possess property and dispose of it 2. Often added threats and curses against people who tried to violate their rights B. Divorce 1. A letter describing how a man announced his intention to divorce his wife. 2. Women kept their own property C. Property 1. Sell, Buy Own. 2. Leave it to whomever she wanted. D. Legal Rights in Open Court 1. Right to bring lawsuits against anyone 2. Won legal cases without gender-bias II. Jobs A. Female Rulers 1. Ahhotep a. Wife of Segnenre-Taa and mother of Kamose and Ahmose b. Presented with the Order of Valor and venerated as the mother of the heroes 2. Ahmose-Nefertari a. Sister and wife of King Ahmose the First b. Presented with patron deities of the villages 3. Queen Tiye a. Wife of Amenhotep the Third and mother of Akhenaten b. Became Royal Wife favored by the King . Nefertiti a. Wife of Akhenaten b. Supported her husband and all his reforms, gave him 6 daughters 5. Nefertari a. Wife of Ramesses the Second b. Had the most beautiful tomb in the Valley of the Queens B. Enslavement 1. Hired themselves 2. Served for royalty C. Medicine III. Role of Women A. Child Care B. Senior Women in Charge if Household shopping C. Servants IV. Marriage A. Right to decide official Marriage B. Becoming Pregnant gained respect C. First duty was to be a good wife and moth er How to cite Role of Women in Ancient Egypt, Essay examples

Enlightenment in hinduism jainism and buddhism free essay sample

Karma is similary in Hinduism and Jainism in that the laws of cause and effect can be used for ones benefit in the afterlife. It is different in the two religions in that in Hinduism, karma is dependant on the will of a God, and in Jainism it is dependant on the individual. This is significant because in both Jainism and Hinduism, karma has an effect on every aspect of a person life both directly and indirectly. The two religions apply karma to their lives in different ways, both within and between the two religions. The goal in Hinduism is to connect ones soul with the universal essence through the use of karma as manipulated to work to ones advantage. Since Hinduism is based on a hierarchy, seen in the form of caste, they way one uses karma is dependent on the caste, which they belong to. Jainism on he other hand, has no concept of a god, and has no hierarchy because it is a religion of equality. Jains consider Karma as being the cause of suffering in ones life; so everyone is put at the same level aiming to achieve the same goal by changing their karma from bad to good. The ultimate goal of these two religions is to achieve liberation from the cycle of transmigration. Throughout the hierarchal system of Hinduism, and the equivalent, individualist system of Jainism, a large role of karma is seen as bringing one closer to this goal. The caste system, as seen in Hinduism, was brought about in the story of creation, seen in the Rg Veda texts. It was said that each caste was created through the different body parts of a god. They become the varnas or castes of hindu society; each varna with its own level of knowledge and own duties in life. The dharma-shastras are the rules for social order, and their main emphasis is on following varnashramadharma. Varna, or this caste hierarchy, is therefore a ruling on the hindu people. Different varnas lead people to have different tasks to complete in order to fulfill their varnashramadharma. Completeing this action is considered the good action used in order to obtain good karma. In the case of Hinduism, one’s soul achieves liberation from the cycle of transmigration through connection of the soul (Atman) to the universal deity or essence (brahman). This union is achieved by doing good action, which is dependant on your varna. These The goal in Hinduism is to achieve enlightenment from he cycle of samsara, and acheieve moska by connect the individual soul to the universal deity. This is done through following the rules for social order, seen in the Dharma-shastras, a Vedic text. The core idea in these rules is to follow varnashramadharma. The first part of this is varna, meaning caste, There are four varnas in hindu religion, which include priests (brahmins), warriors (kshatriyas), merchants (vaisyas), and peasants (sudras), from highest to lowest status respectively. Each role has different ranges of knowledge about the religion and rituals. This means to achieve dharma, each level of castr would have to undergo a different action based on the amount of knowledge they have. Depending on your caste, or role in society, the actions you perform to achieve dharma are going to be different. individuals of lower caste are sometimes not allowed to perform the same actions or deeds as people of higher caste. Within the varna heirarchy, the top three varnas are ritual castes, while the bottom sudra caste is not. Ritual castes are considered as twice bron, because hey have to undergoe an initiation into the religion. This includes rituals like the thread ceremony, and is considered a physical sign of ones varna. These are the only castes allowed to perform rituals , whereas the bottom sudra caste is not. out of the ritual castes, the priests are supposed to be the most knowledgeable of rituals. Another form of hierarchy seen in Hinduism is between the universal essense, or brhaman, and the soul, or atman. Each individual has their own atman, and these sols continue in a cycle of transmigration, until they have achieved liberation through good action, and connected there atman to Brahman. The hierarchal system seen here is at the level of the atman, and the higher level of the Brahman. Each atman has to work to bring up their status to connect their atman to Brahman, or in other words bring their atman up to the status of Brahman. Once once all of these souls have reached Brahman, they have reached their ultimate goal, or highest point that they atman can go; so up a level from their atman. Once they reach this level, there is no more hierarchy, because everyone is equivalent at that level. In Jainism, karma is seen as a source of suffering, and any form of suffering that one experiences in their life is due to the bad karma one has gained from not following Jain doctrine in ones past life. Until they follow this doctrine, their souls are kept in this cycle of transmigration. This is shows that, like hindus, Jains can change their karma to liberate their souls. Unlike the hindus however, once the soul is liberated it is not connected with any universal deity because there is no concept of deity within the Jain religion. Once a person has purified their soul through good action, and living according to the doctrine, it is liberated by being released from the cycle of transmigration, and has its suffering put to an end. The concept of the individuals being responsible for their own karma is maintained throughout the religion. A Jain is responsible for the actions of their own soul. One must create good karma on their own. The key actions required to do this are through renouncing all ties to the world, seen as an illusion, and detaching themselves from all material possession. This is done by taking the five jain vows; non-violence, truthfulness, non-stealing, celibacy, non-possession, non-materialism. some go to the extent of becoming monks as seen in the story of the Jain monk. These vows go hand in hand with the gems of Jainism, which are a set of teachings providing a means for living. They include right vision or view, right knowledge, and right conduct. Living according to the Jain doctrine and auterities, detachment and renunciation of the self from all illusions of the world, all changes ones bad karma to good karma, and leads one to a path to liberation of the soul from suffering in the cycle of trasmigration. The key actions required to do this are through renouncing all ties to the world, seen as an illusion, and detaching themselves from all material possession. This is done by taking the five jain vows; non-violence, truthfulness, non-stealing, celibacy, non-possession, non-materialism. some go to the extent of becoming monks as seen in the story of the Jain monk. These vows go hand in hand with the gems of Jainism, which are a set of teachings providing a means for living. They include right vision or view, right knowledge, and right conduct. Living according to the Jain doctrine and auterities, detachment and renunciation of the self from all illusions of the world, all changes ones bad karma to good karma, and leads one to a path to liberation of the soul from suffering in the cycle of trasmigration. The renunciation stories were made to instil deep hatred toward the world, and had a goal to renounce human ties (Granoff, 88). The lesson in the story of The Monk Sudstri from the Brkatkathakosa demonstrated Samsara; meaning by not practicing austerity according to the Jain doctrine, you would remain in a cycle of transmigration (Granoff, 88). Samsara, seen in both Jainism and Buddhism, was depicted in this story when the jeweller, Sudstri, was reborn as his own son. Also, the concept of karma was seen when Sudstri remembered his past life and suffered facing the people that had betrayed him, everyday. It mentioned later in the story that he had not been practicing the Jain doctrine, and we saw that he received bad karma because of this. The only way to get out of this cycle of Samsara, and to gain good karma was for Sudstri to live according to the Jain doctrine. This meant detaching from the world and achieving dharma by following the five Jain vows; ahimsa-non violence, satya-truthfulness, asteya-non-stealing, brahamacharya-celibacy, and aparigraha-non-posession and non-materialism (Granoff, 89). Sudstri became a monk and was assumed to receive liberation when he died years later in meditation (Granoff, 89). Jainisms focus on the equivalent individual is clear through its lack of caste, or hierarchy. Each individual is responsible for their own soul, and is change their karma in the same way to achieve liberation. Regardless of what your status is in society, whether you are a queen, or a queen’s jeweler, you are reuired to undergo the same vows to arrive at the same ultimate goal. This very example was also seen in the story of the monk sudstri. At the end of the story, when they were convinced of karma being the cause of the jeweler’s suffering after reincarnation, the king and queen, a long with sudrsti renounced their lives and and followed the jain doctrine in order to change their karma. In Jainism, regardless of high or low status in the world, the concept that the world is an illusion has to be kept in mind, making status in this world meaningless, and purity of the soul the ultimate reality. Following the Jain doctrine is considered purification of te soul, because at the hand of this illusionary world, the soul becomes subject to impurities such as pride, ignorance, and greed. These aspects come to a person through attachment to material possessions, status, and people. Purification also comes through following the Jain doctrine, which includes following jain vows. One of the jain vows seen to be followed was non-posession, and examples was seen in one of the jain sects, digamara (skyclad) where people would practice nudity, in order to not be attached to clothing, as it was a material possession. There were different actions required by men and women to do. Some hierarchy was seen when between men and woman, as they could not practice non-possession, like in the form of nudity, to the same extent as men. The second sect of Jain was svetambara (the white clad) which was more accepting of women. Though there was their a heirachy seen in this sense within the jian relgion, the main dutys done by jains were on an individualistic basis. Jainisms focus on the equivalent individual is clear through its lack of caste, or hierarchy. Each individual is responsible for their own soul, and is change their karma in the same way to achieve liberation. Regardless of what your status is in society, whether you are a queen, or a queen’s jeweler, you are reuired to undergo the same vows to arrive at the same ultimate goal. This very example was also seen in the story of the monk sudstri. At the end of the story, when they were convinced of karma being the cause of the jeweler’s suffering after reincarnation, the king and queen, a long with sudrsti renounced their lives and and followed the jain doctrine in order to change their karma. In Jainism, regardless of high or low status in the world, the concept that the world is an illusion has to be kept in mind, making status in this world meaningless, and purity of the soul the ultimate reality. Following the Jain doctrine is considered purification of te soul, because at the hand of this illusionary world, the soul becomes subject to impurities such as pride, ignorance, and greed. These aspects comes to a person through attatchment to material possessions, status, and people. Focusing on the self, and renouncing from the illusion of the world including all ties from people and material things is important for the Jain path to inlightenment. Hinduism has a focus on heriarchy Caste system Varna- ritual castes perform different rituals Everyone has there own dharma based on their caste Achieved through accrual of good action to reap good consequencd In this case good consequence is achieveing connection of atman and brahman Gods and humans Many gods, all above humans Main god/diety, Brahman, is above everyone Everyone trying to get their individual atmans on the level of brahman Release from that caste system once achieve moska (atman is then joined to Brahman and is oe group entinity at same level) After death, doesn’t matter what catse you are from, as long as your atman connects to Brahman, allowing you to achieve moshka/liberation from transmigratory cycle Since aaalll souls are part of that universal entity, Brahman, after death all souls come to the same level. so there is no caste after death which is what they are trying to achieve, aswell as relief from transmigratory cycle Jainisms focus on the equivalent individual is clear through its lack of caste, or hierarchy. Each individual is responsible for their own soul, and is change their karma in the same way to achieve liberation. Regardless of what your status is in society, whether you are a queen, or a queen’s jeweler, you are reuired to undergo the same vows to arrive at the same ultimate goal. This very example was also seen in the story of the monk sudstri. At the end of the story, when they were convinced of karma being the cause of the jeweler’s suffering after reincarnation, the king and queen, a long with sudrsti renounced their lives and and followed the jain doctrine in order to change their karma. In Jainism, regardless of high or low status in the world, the concept that the world is an illusion has to be kept in mind, making status in this world meaningless, and purity of the soul the ultimate reality. Following the Jain doctrine is considered purification of te soul, because at the hand of this illusionary world, the soul becomes subject to impurities such as pride, ignorance, and greed. These aspects come to a person through attachment to material possessions, status, and people. Purification also comes through following the Jain doctrine, which includes following jain vows. One of the jain vows seen to be followed was non-posession, and examples was seen in one of the jain sects, digamara (skyclad) where people would practice nudity, in order to not be attached to clothing, as it was a material possession. There were different actions required by men and women to do. Some hierarchy was seen when between men and woman, as they could not practice non-possession, like in the form of nudity, to the same extent as men. The second sect of Jain was svetambara (the white clad) which was more accepting of women. Though there was their a heirachy seen in this sense within the jian relgion, the main dutys done by jains were on an individualistic basis. Jainism has a focus on individualism No caste system, everyone is equal Nobody is higher than anyone else. There is no diety Everyone must undergo same things, detachment and renunciation to relieve themselves from cycle of suffering Cycle continues as long as people are caught in this illusion Because they are caught in the illuson. It leads to ignorance greed, prde etc.. and no respet any thing else This is why when they purify there souls and actually renninciate, they are so carefull to follow austreries and doctrine Everyone does the same thing to achieve liberation 5 jain vows example is non-violence thisgoes to the extent of nin-kiling, so people carry brooms and sweep the floors infront of them makingsure not to injure any animals non killing also seen in the diet they eat. Very careful about food choices—nothing with a root because that would be killing and individualnsoul individuals are thought to be reincarnatued as animals humans anything (seen as suffering caused by karma),so injuring any rooted plant could eb killing a soul. Vs. Hinduism that doesn’t go to that expent. That becomes part of their ritual system like when they sacrifice food and crops into fire are one of their ways to achieve karma (ritual castessacrficing to agni) or violence seen with them as part of their dharma like int the story of the lauravans and pandavas where god krishna tells him its right to go into battle Even after death, the individual soul is liberated Role in material world Both see the world as an illusion Hinduism- caste system seen rooted from religious practices into societal practices. The world is illusion, work to get brhaman and atman together to get out of this illusion Everyone is as different level in life, based on caste, which is based on a upanishadic idea. Some individualism, where you are responsible for your own dharma. But divivision by hierarchy also seen. Jainism- detachment from the material world, becaue its an illusion. The world is suffering, so need to renounce Jainism sees individuals in the material world. Everyone works toward their own goal which is why there is no sense of caste or hierarchy, even though some distinctions seen between men and women, but everyone is at same level in the same position in life in the aspect of their souls