State Of New York Vs Draftkings And Fanduel - 2314 Words

State of New York vs DraftKings and FanDuel Introduction Since the inception of fantasy sports companies, very few industries have grown this significantly in such a short time span. Since the surge in popularity of daily fantasy betting FanDuel and DraftKings have launched aggressive efforts to expand in order to reach the 51 million current fantasy sports users in the US and Canada alone. Although approximately 38% of Americans admitted to betting on sports in 2008, fantasy sports companies are also experiencing increased scrutiny from state regulators. Criticism stems from the belief that daily fantasy sports betting is considered to be online gambling and therefore should be illegal or heavily regulated at the state level. Multiple†¦show more content†¦FanDuel and DraftKings specialize in allowing clients to select sports teams or players to place in a lineup. Contestants then pay a participation fee to compete with other customers in order to win a large prize. The fantasy sports providers make a profit by taking a 9% margin of initial fees collected from costumers and awarding the rest of the funds to the winners. Although the federal government does not consider the activities of fantasy sports betting as gambling, 11 states currently deem it illegal and 20 more states are currently evaluating the legality of daily fantasy betting. The significance of this case stems from the fact that New York state is the largest market for both FanDuel and DraftKings. With 600,000 customers in the state and $200 million in entry fees last year alone, both daily fantasy companies are extremely vested in winning this case and have appealed the injunction. Daily fantasy sports companies argue that the attorney general hasn’t properly evaluated the assertion that fantasy betting requires a material degree of skill rather than luck. Legal Case Arguments Based on the attorney general’s accusations, the verdict of the ongoing case will largely be determined by the definition of gambling in the state of New York Law and whether the service provided by Draftkings and FanDuel constitute gambling. According to New York Penal Law 225.00: â€Å"A person engages in gambling when he stakes or risks

Essay about The Inadequacy of Paleys Argument from Design

The Inadequacy of the Argument from Design William Paley’s teleological argument (also known as the argument from design) is an attempt to prove the existence of god. This argument succeeds in proving that while existence was created by an aggregation of forces, to define these forces, as a conscious, rational, and ultimately godlike is dubious. Although the conclusions are valid, the argument makes several logical errors. The teleological argument relies on inductive reasoning, rendering the argument itself valid, but unsound. The argument fails to apply its own line of reasoning to itself, resulting in infinite regression. Beyond the scope of its logical flaws, the arguments content lacks accurate comparisons. The argument hinges on a†¦show more content†¦Although this type of argument is practical at predicting patterns of re-occurring events, they are never legitimately sound. Consider the sunrise. It has risen every day for thousands of years on end. Therefore, it will rise tomorrow. Despite the odds of this happening being very high, there is not a one hundred percent chance that it will. Furthermore, consider the existence of the universe itself. Although the odds of life being created by a random amalgamation of forces are very low, the correct combination for life to exist only has to occur once. From that point forward, evolution and a reaction to external stimuli allows life to change naturally. The argument also indulges in an infinite regression. It assumes that a transcendent god created the entire universe. However, it fails to account for what created the god. As stated in the lecture slides, a committee of lesser beings may have created the god, but that begs the question about who created the committee. One could object to this idea and believe that god has always existed, transcending time and reality itself. Once again, however, this logic is just as applicable to the universe. The universe is as capable of existing forever as a god is. William Paley further begs the question in stating that because of perceived complexities in an entity, it must have been designed. This perceived relation between complexity and design is an inherently

Case Study Holy Family Hospital

Question: Case study on Holy Family Hospital. Answer: Introduction This case study was based on one Holy Family Hospital that was established in the year 1953. This hospital underwent a series of renovations and reforms and later came to be known as Holy Family Red Crescent Hospital in the year 1984. Six years later, the hospital came to be known as Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College. With a bed capacity of 6000, the healthcare facility is run by a team of professors, consultants, Senior and Junior Doctors as well as the auxiliary staffs. The facility also gets reinforcement from a Nursing School that is attached to it. The healthcare facility discharges various medical services such as Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emergency, Cardiology, Nephrology, Pediatric Surgery, Endocrinology, E.N.T, Urology, Dentistry among other minor and major healthcare services. The healthcare facility had a well-defined and equipped ICU with seven operation theaters that are in good and running condition. The outdoor department is always open 24/7, a system that is entirely taken care of by the morning and evening shifts. The healthcare facility is known to be accommodative to all and sundry, providing competitive healthcare services at relatively competitive rates to the affluent people while also factoring in the poor patients who are also granted access to all services at either minimum charges or no fee at all. It is also worth noting that the hospital has very low-cost outdoor services on a daily basis (working days). From a marketing approach, Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College does not have an advertising system. They do not have any website to the effect, a prefect explanation as to why there needs to be an adoption of new ways of doing things. GAPS Model The quality of services is considered very imperative given the current competition and varying segments in the market. There are some models that have been put in place to determine the quality of services offered in any business providing centers. The quality services GAP is described by the difference that occurs between customer perceptions and their expectations. Typically, customers are known to share beliefs about the services they receive and treat them as a standard. Nonetheless, their perception occurs only after having the experience of the service. A couple of studies have been conducted to establish the gap between perception and customer expectations. Based on this establishment, customer satisfaction can be measured. Therefore, GAP can best be understood in this manner, if expectations are found to be greater than performance, then the perceived quality becomes less than the satisfaction, and this amounts to customer dissatisfaction. From the survey at the facility, variation of customer perceptions and expectations is evident. The health facility prides itself in many reputable standards since its inception and yet, still experiences some gaps when it comes to services it renders concerning the quality of food offered, services of the nurses and doctors and the overall infrastructure. Based on the primary data, there was considerable significance on the services provided by the doctors. On a scale of 1 to 5, none of the ten respondents gave one star. 11 percent of the respondents gave the services a 2 star out of the possible five while 10 percent of the respondents gave a 3 star. The rest of the respondents who were rated the services at 4 out of 5 hence the gap. If the majority of the response is to be given consideration, then one thing is sure, a gap of 2 exists in the overall rating that is given by the majority of the consuming patients. Service Recovery Service recovery is an action that a service provider takes in a bid to counter or give a response to service failure. A service failure occurs if customer perception of the service received does not match their anticipated expectations. As per this description, service recovery does not necessarily confine itself in the service industries. Empirical studies have shown that dealing with issues of attention in the service marketing scenarios in an effective manner constitutes the better part of critical components concerning reputations that come with the failures and institution of systems as well as processes that tackle these problems. It, therefore, goes without saying that service recovery has everything to do with all that it takes to solve the problems of the customers and doing it fast to avoid crises. While interviewing the respondents in the health facility, it occurred that there were major service failures at the facility. Surprisingly, the facility stakeholders were seen to be reluctant when it comes to initiating steps to avert this loophole despite the persistent failure of the system. In case, a doctor carries out any malpractice in so far as treatment is concerned, the victim (patient), can file a dispute with the administration which will then promptly forward the complaint to top stakeholders of the facility. The senior management, as a matter of duty, will convene an urgent meeting that is constituted by the board of directors and who will institute proper actions against the perpetrator of the anomaly. A case in point is when the facility fired a doctor who was found to be guilty after launching investigations into the wrong medical practices contrary to the code of conduct provisions. Despite this move that would otherwise be viewed as modest, the directives took considerably long to take shape and the management is aware of the concern. As a result, the facility is trying to improve its delivery and aims at minimizing their mistakes in case a future occurrence becomes imminent. The facility has also set up a suggestion cum complaint box where they receive feedback from patients on a daily basis, notes that are picked daily by the authority for quality control purposes. Another issue of pressing concern is the lack of fresh blood whenever an emergency occurs among the patients. Though this is a common problem in many hospitals, Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College seems to face many challenges concerning this especially when it comes to having fresh blood from a specific blood group. The management has noted this concern and is targeting a way of procuring fresh blood on a daily basis to help mitigate the problem. On the long run, the facility would consider setting in place, a blood bank. Another problem at the facility is the huge disparity regarding dissatisfaction or satisfaction among the patients in cabin and ward sections. While having an evaluation of the quality of services among patients in the cabin section, patients seemed to have been very pleased with the kind of services at the facility. Conversely, the patients on the ward section were not as happy with the kind of services they received. Despite the management being in the know of the situation, there is yet to be any actions to arrest the situation and boost satisfaction among these patients. Conclusion The report has considerable information on the service marketing practice in the health facility. The experience of gathering this piece of information is literary considered valuable. Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College has been known for its premier standards in recent years but seems to lose its credence due to their reluctance when it comes to discharging services and failure to set up counteractive measures to avert any failures in their system. Works Cited Hill, Nigel. Handbook of Customer Satisfaction Measurement. Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Gower, 1996. Print. Kim, Sun-il. Efficient Design and Management of Reliable Optical Networks. N.p.: n.p., 2008. Print. Kuo, Ying-Feng, and Chi-Ming Wu. "Simulated Service Failure and Recovery Scenarios in Online Shopping Measure." PsycTESTS Dataset (n.d.): n. page. Web. 24 May 2016. Mattila, Anna S., and Heejung Ro. "Customer Satisfaction, Service Failure, and Service Recovery." Handbook of Hospitality Marketing Management (n.d.): n. pag. Web. 24 May 2016. Parasuraman, A., Valarie Zeithaml, and Leonard L. Berry. Servqual: A Multiple-item Scale for Measuring Customer Perceptions of Service Quality. Cambridge, MA: MSI, 1986. Print. Parasuraman, A., Valarie A. Zeithaml, and Leonard L. Berry. SERVQUAL: A Multiple-item Scale for Measuring Customer Perceptions of Service Quality. Cambridge, MA: Marketing Science Institute, 1986. Print. Robinson, Yvette Delemos. Measuring Service Quality in the Information Services Industry: A Case Study Using SERVQUAL. N.p.: n.p., 1992. Print.

The Gap Between Rich And Poor In The World Today. Essays

The gap between rich and poor in the world today. In the world of 1995, there are still huge differeces between rich and poor, developed and less developed countries. But why? Who is to blame? What can we do about it? Many things have been tried out to solve these problems, but does it work? It seems bizarre, that we, modern, intelligent people, have not yet succeded to get rid of the differences between DCs (developed countries) and LDCs (less developed countries). We try, don't we? Every year, we grant 2% of our Gross National Product, GNP, to foreign aid to help the LDCs to get a better standard of living (better agriculture, more and better schools and hospitals, access to health personell, medicines, etc.). On the other hand, is our "standard of living" the best for LDCs, and the one we should impose on them? For instance, what is the point of giving complex macinery like tractors and harvesters, which need expensive fuel and maintenance, to people who have harvested their crops by manpower for hundreds of years? We know for a fact that the money we grant is not being used adequately. A lot of the money is taken by the governments of the less developed countries, and a great amount of the sum are not being used to the purposes they are meant for. Bribery and corruption are huge problems in developing countries. It makes more sense to dig wells for people who walk for miles every day to get their daily water supply, than to support officials with BMWs and grand houses. The World Bank was established, and a large amound of capital was poured in, despite of the fact that the Third World lacked the level of infrastructure, the economic and social background, and the skilled personnel of Europe. The failure of this model of economic development to produce economic well-being and growth for most Third World countries is due to a number of factors. These factors include the concentration of economic resources in the hands of the rich and of unrepresentative governments, the exclusion of the large majority of affected populations from economic decisionmaking, and the integration of Southern economies in an international market where they cannot compete equitably. The industrialized countries are still holding the less developed countries down. It's the DCs who decide coffee-, tea- and sugar-prices, and consequently excercise an indirect control of the countries' economy. We also protect ourselves with high import-taxes and low import-quotas. Increasing protectionism in Northern markets shut off some Third World exports, while at the same time, the increased export of some natural resources, lumber from forests, for example, created the conditions for rapid environmental destruction. At the same time, a major debt crisis developed, particularly among those countries in the South that were producing primarily for Northern markets. As the 1990s began, popular movements that included farmers, workers, women, environmentalists and community groups in the South were challenging the adjustment policies and large-scale projects that were ruining the poor and the environment. The goal for these groups is sustainable development: building and protecting a base for long-term development by protecting the natural-resources base, sustaining local culture and traditions, and achieving economic growth by building on the capacities of local populations. In Africa, there are established, with help from, among other countries, Norway, mobile doctors, who visit villages and remote places on regular basis. There are also built a lot of schools with foreign help, there is no doubt that the educational system in most of the LDCs has been improved a great deal over the past few years. These are examples of "basic human needs" programs which are run with some success because the host-country governments impose their own solutions on local problems. This way of cooperating with the host-countries has proved to be the best way of "helping" the developing countries to develop in their own pace and their "Third World"-way. I guess this is what have kept the Third World countries undeveloped for such a long time: That we have imposed on them OUR development with its flaws, disrespect for nature and other cultures, and the greediness which threatens to ruin the balance of our enviroment.

Importance of the Lotus Flower in Chinese Culture

Importance of the Lotus Flower in Chinese Culture The lotus’ importance comes from Buddhism, and is one of the eight precious things in Buddhism. The lotus is said to bloom in Beijing on lunar April 8 (the Buddha’s birthday) and lunar January 8 is Lotus Day. A cultural taboo related to the lotus is  if a woman sews on lunar Lotus Day, she will have menstrual trouble. The lotus (è“ ®Ã¨Å  ±, lin huÄ , è  ·Ã¨Å  ±, hà © huÄ ) is known as the gentleman’s flower because it grows out from the mud, pure and unstained. The he in a man’s name indicates he is either a Buddhist or connected to Buddhism. The he in a woman’s name is a wish that she be pure and respected. è“ ® (lin) sounds similar to è  ¯ (lin, to bind, connect as in marriage); 戀(lin) means to love while Ã¥ »â€° (lin) means modesty; è  · (hà ©)sounds similar to å’Å' ( hà ©, also, one after another, uninterrupted). trouble. In Buddhism, the Lotus Symbolizes: One who comes out of mire but is not sulliedInwardly empty, outwardly uprightPurityFruit, flower and the stalk of the lotus past, present and future Famous Pictures and Sayings Related to the Lotus Lotus bloom with a leaf and bud means a complete union.Magpie sitting on the stamens of a blown lotus and picking seeds: xiguo may you have the joy (xi) of passing one exam (guo) after another (lian)A boy with a carp (yu) beside a lotus (lian) means may you have abundance (yu) year in and year out (lian).Two lotus blooms or a lotus and a blossom on one stem means wish for shared heart and harmony, because è  · (hà ©) means union.A lotus (which represents a girl) and a fish (symbolizing a boy) means love.Red lotus blossom symbolizes the female genitals, and courtesans were often called red lotus.Lotus stem symbolizes the male genitalsA blue lotus stem (qing) symbolizes cleanliness and modestyLotus symbolizes He Xian-gu.The picture of a man on a boat surrounded by lotus blossoms is writer and philosopher Zhou Dun-yi (1017 to 1073) who liked the flower.

How to Write a Perfect Construction Resume (Examples Included)

How to Write a Perfect Construction Resume (Examples Included) when you think â€Å"construction jobs,† you might not think â€Å"resume,† because it’s such a physical job with skills that can be shown rather than told. however, as with any job hunt, your resume is the key to getting in the doors)How to Write a Perfect Occupational Therapist ResumeHow to Write a Perfect Physician Assistant Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Receptionist Resume (Examples Included)How to Create a Perfect Retail ResumeHow to Write a Perfect Sales Associate Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Social Worker Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Truck Driver Resume (With Examples)

President Obama's Innauguration Address Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

President Obama's Innauguration Address - Essay Example He in fact stipulates that they must â€Å"collectively seize this time together†. 3. In this context, the value that the president suggests here is rational utterances. He is obviously against careless utterances such as in name calling. He sees this sort of utterance as absurd and contrary to what the nation need to grow. Nevertheless, he is not against the freedom of speech that every American is entitled to, but he simply wants people to avoid recklessness. 4. The president appears to stay ahead political aspect in this speech. This is predominantly due to the reality that his speech is all about the principles that the American should live with for every day and not just the four years he is supposed to be in office. For instance, he is against name calling and absolutism. 5. The president here indicates that he has been assigned some responsibilities by God and the country. As such, the strategy he involved here is that of convincing the other citizens that they also have a duty to fulfill just like the president. Los Angeles Times. Inauguration 2013: President Obama’s second inauguration speech. 2013. Web

FBI in China Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

FBI in China - Dissertation Example The case of China is often largely cited in literature as one of the successful stories, of FDI investments. This essay on FDI in China aims to discuss various critical issues related to the policies and strategies implemented by the Chinese government to attract foreign funds, the status of labour market in China prior to and post the introduction of FDI, the political framework, the labour market conditions and the availability of infrastructure, etc among others. It also discusses the relationship between labour market conditions and its impact on FDI with the help of various case studies and examples. Contents Sr. # Topic Pg. # 1. Introduction 3 2. Historical origins and background 4 2.1. Trends in FDI in China 5 2.1.1. Current trends 9 2.2. Types of FDI in China 10 2.2.1. Sino-foreign joint ventures 11 2.2.2. Sino-foreign contractual (or co-operative) joint venture 12 2.2.3 Wholly owned foreign enterprise 13 2.3. Stages of FDI in China 14 2.3.1. Experimental stage 14 2.3.2. Grow th stage 15 2.3.3. Boom stage 16 2.4. Influence of labour market on FDI 17 3. Key Determinants of FDI in China 18 3.1. Market size and structure 18 3.2. Labour market condition 19 3.3. Availability of Infrastructure 20 3.4. Political framework and introduction of policies 21 4. Examples and Case studies 22 5. Impact and Implications of FDI on the Chinese economy 24 6. Conclusion 25 References 26 1. Introduction Foreign-direct investment in China is by far one of the greatest success stories in terms of attracting international investments across all sectors during the past couple of decades. The People's Republic of China through its revolutionary economic policies managed to attract significant foreign investments surpassing almost all the developing countries in a relatively short period of time. From a humble beginning of 100 foreign-owned firms in the year 1979, China rapidly catapulted to a position of one of the most attractive destinations for foreign investment. By the year 1998 the number grew to as many as 280,000 (See Appendix Table 1) (Facts and details, 2012). A significant reason for the radical increase in inward FDI in the country is attributed to the large scale economic reforms and open-door-policy adopted by it. According to these policies, Special Economic Zones were created in four major cities in China, in the year 1979. The key objective behind this strategic move was to gain experience and expertise of international technologies as well as management skills and boost the country's economy in the process (Wei, 1995). This move was followed by opening up of fourteen other cities to foreign firms in the year 1984 whereby concessions were offered to foreign firms to lure them into investing in the SEZs which included provision of special facilities for funding and infrastructure development (Yeh, 2000). As a consequence of such persistent efforts on the part of the Chinese Government more and more cities were made accessible to the foreign firms, thus successfully reducing unemployment and promoting economic growth. With increased attention from the international investors, and the economic reform policies China managed to attain membership in the WTO thus officially marking its entry in the international club (such as IMF, and World Bank). This further helped the country in garnering more attention from international investors (Howell, 1993). The various key issues related to FDI in China such as

Feasibility Study Essay Example for Free

Feasibility Study Essay 2.1 FEASIBILITY STUDY The feasibility of the project is analyzed in this phase and business proposal is put forth with a very general plan for the project and some cost estimates. During system analysis the feasibility study of the proposed system is to be carried out. This is to ensure that the proposed system is not a burden to the company. For feasibility analysis, some understanding of the major requirements for the system is essential. Three key considerations involved in the feasibility analysis are ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY SOCIAL FEASIBILITY ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY This study is carried out to check the economic impact that the system will have on the organization. The amount of fund that the company can pour into the research and development of the system is limited. The expenditures must be justified. Thus the developed system as well within the budget and this was achieved because most of the technologies used are freely available. Only the customized products had to be purchased. TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY This study is carried out to check the technical feasibility, that is, the technical requirements of the system. Any system developed must not have a high demand on the available technical resources. This will lead to high demands on the available technical resources. This will lead to high demands being placed on the client. The developed system must have a modest requirement, as only minimal or null changes are required for implementing this system. SOCIAL FEASIBILITY The aspect of study is to check the level of acceptance of the system by the user. This includes the process of training the user to use the system efficiently. The user must not feel threatened by the system, instead must accept it as a necessity. The level of acceptance by the users solely depends on the methods that are employed to educate the user about the system and to make him familiar with it. His level of confidence must be raised so that he is also able to make some constructive criticism, which is welcomed, as he is the final user of the system.

Antigone Vs. Socrates Essay -- essays research papers

Antigone vs. Socrates In the plays Antigone and the Crito the two lead characters, Antigone and Socrates, showed completely different ideas regarding their responsibilities to the State. Antigone believes in divine law and does what she thinks that the Gods would want her to do. Socrates, on the other hand, believes that he owes it to the State to follow their laws whether he thinks they are right or not. In Antigone, her brother Polynices, turned against his own city by attacking his own brother just so he could become king. On this day, both brothers died. One, Eteocles, was given funeral honors, but the other, Polynices, was not. This decision was made by Creon, Antigone’s uncle and the current King of Thebes. Creon said “He is to have no grave, no burial, no mourning from anyone; it is forbidden.'; (Pg. 432; l. 165) He also announced that anyone who should attempt to bury him would be put to death. After hearing this decision, Antigone said that Creon couldn’t do that and that the Gods would want Polynices to have a proper burial, therefore Antigone promised to her sister Ismene that she would be the one to defy Creon and bury her brother; and she didn’t care if the whole city knew of her plans. After being caught in the act, she was taken to the palace and when asked by Creon why she did it. Knowing the punishment that would come from it, she replied by sa ying that she didn’t think Creon had the power to overrule the u...

The principles of right and wrong Essay

The principles of right and wrong that are accepted by an individual or a social group) â€Å"the Puritan ethic†; â€Å"a person with old-fashioned values† (a system of principles governing morality and acceptable conduct) motivation based on ideas of right and wrong The philosophical study of moral values and rules  known as moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that addresses questions about morality—that is, concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong, virtue and vice, justice, etc. Major branches of ethics include: Meta-ethics, about the theoretical meaning and reference of moral propositions and how their truth-values (if any) may be determined; Normative ethics, about the practical means of determining a moral course of action; Applied ethics, about how moral outcomes can be achieved in specific situations; Moral psychology, about how moral capacity or moral agency develops and what its nature is; and Descriptive ethics, about what moral values people actually abide by. May be defined as the actions an individual takes on himself to ensure his continued survival across the dynamics. It is a personal thing. When one is ethical, it is something he does himself by his own choice.† [1] According to founder L. Ron Hubbard’s teachings, Scientology ethics is predicated on the idea that there are degrees of ethical conduct. morality (concern with the distinction between good and evil or right and wrong; right or good conduct) morality (motivation based on ideas of right and wrong) Morality (from the Latin moralities â€Å"manner, character, proper behavior†) is a sense of behavioral conduct that differentiates intentions, decisions, and actions between those that are good (or right) and bad (or wrong). A moral code is a system of morality (for example, according to a particular philosophy, religion, culture, etc.) and a moral is any one practice or teaching within a moral code. Immorality is the active opposition to morality, while amorality is variously defined as an unawareness of, indifference toward, or disbelief in any set of moral standards or principles.[1][2][3][4][5] Morality has two principal meanings: In its â€Å"descriptive† sense, morality refers to personal or cultural values, codes of conduct or social mores that distinguish between right and wrong in the human society. Describing morality in this way is not making a claim about what is objectively right or wrong, but only referring to what is considered right or wrong by people. For the most part right and wrong acts are classified as such because they are thought to cause benefit or harm, but it is possible that many moral beliefs are based on prejudice, ignorance or even hatred.[clarification needed] This sense of the term is addressed by descriptive ethics. In its â€Å"normative† sense, morality refers directly to what is right and wrong, regardless of what specific individuals think. It could be defined as the conduct of the ideal â€Å"moral† person in a certain situation. This usage of the term is characterized by â€Å"definitive† statements such as â€Å"That act is immoral† rather than descriptive ones such as â€Å"Many believe that act is immoral.† It is often challenged by moral nihilism, which rejects the existence of an any moral truths,[6] and supported by moral realism, which supports the existence of moral truths. The normative usage of the term â€Å"morality† is addressed by normative ethics. Islamic ethics (Ø £Ã˜ ®Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã™â€š Ø ¥Ã˜ ³Ã™â€žÃ˜ §Ã™â€¦Ã™Å Ã˜ ©), defined as â€Å"good character,† historically took shape gradually from the 7th century and was finally established by the 11th century.[1] It was eventually shaped as a successful amalgamation of the Qur’anic teachings, the teachings of the Sunnah of Muhammad, the precedents of Islamic jurists (see Sharia and Fiqh), the pre-Islamic Arabian tradition, and non-Arabic elements (including Persian and Greek ideas) embedded in or integrated with a generally Islamic structure.[1] Although Muhammad’s preaching produced a â€Å"radical change in moral values based on the sanctions of the new religion and the present religion, and fear of God and of the Last Judgment†, the tribal practice of Arabs did not completely die out. Later Muslim scholars expanded the religious ethic of the Qur’an and Hadith in immense detail. The core of the Western ethics is supposed to be Judeo Christian values. But, the real Judeo-Christian ethics has little difference from the Islamic ethics. This is because Muhammad (peace be upon him) came in the same line of prophetic religion, as Moses and Jesus; he taught the same morals, within the same framework of Semitic tradition. Muslims worship the same–One and Only–Creator, as Jews and Christians do. If we adopt a more inclusive â€Å"Abrahamic† view, Islam can no more be considered â€Å"the other† In short, there is little difference between the core ethics of the West and Islam. This is despite the materialism and utilitarianism is now dominant in certain circles, which is abhorrent to Islam. But, in fact, it is abhorrent to the real Judeo-Christian tradition too.. Hameed goes on to explain why there is no real difference between Islam and Western ethics, though relating to his arguments will require a whole different article. More basic, is to understand what Hameed is doing here. He’s playing with the terms used so they will fit his view. Of course, once you ignore the meaning of ‘Islam’, ‘Judeo-Christian’ and ‘Western’, you can come to the conclusion that their core ethics are the same. Hameed is right that the core of Judaism, Christianity and Islam, is similar. They are all based on the same Messianic laws that developed around 3000 years ago. However, the big difference between Judeo-Christian laws and Islamic laws is that the Judeo-Christian society developed. Jewish scholars throughout the ages did not shy away from reinterpreting the Messianic laws in accordance with the current norms. And so, if it says in the Torah â€Å"an eye for an eye†, the Jewish scholars explained that this is merely an issue of payment. Laws which were relevant to an earlier type of society, such as Levirate marriages (a custom which required that a man marry his brother’s widow if the deceased died childless) are now simply forbidden according to Jewish law. It is enough to take a look at another one of Hameed’s answers about stoning to understand that in Islam that is not the case. If stoning was prescribed 1400 years ago as the punishment for adultery, then it will be the punishment today, no matter how barbaric it seems. Hameed can go on and on about why stoning will only be used in certain cases and why adultery is so bad that it is requires stoning. That has nothing to do with ethics. Nobody today claims that adultery is ‘good’. However, stoning as a punishment, is seen as barbaric. No Jew today would consider stoning a person to death, despite it being clearly written as punishment in the Torah. In fact, death as punishment is not accepted today by Judaism, and the Jewish state does not punish serious offenders, such a serial murderers and terrorists, with the death sentence. Ethics: choosing principles of conduct as a guiding philosophy. Morals: conforming to a standard of right behavior. Here is where I see the difference. Morals, to be sure, are rules and standards that we are told we must â€Å"conform† to when deciding what is â€Å"right† behavior. In other words, morals are dictated to us by either society or religion. We are not free to think and choose. You either accept or you don’t! We are taught by society and religion that you â€Å"shall not lie† or you should â€Å"give to the poor† or you must â€Å"love others as you would have others love you† or you must do something because it is â€Å"your moral obligation.† The key issue with â€Å"morals† is that you are expected to â€Å"conform to a standard of right behavior† and not question that â€Å"conforming† or you are not a â€Å"moral† person. But again, where do these â€Å"morals† come from to which we are expected to â€Å"conform†? Yep, from society and/or religion, but not from YOU, and that’s what b others me. Ethics, on the other hand, are â€Å"principles of conduct† that YOU CHOOSE to govern your life as a guiding philosophy that YOU have chosen for your life. Again, call it semantics if you want, but I see a big difference between â€Å"conforming† and â€Å"choosing.† With MORALS the â€Å"thinking has been done;† with ETHICS there’s a freedom to â€Å"think and choose† your personal philosophy for guiding the conduct of your life. I like to watch movies about the â€Å"mafia† or TV shows like the â€Å"Sopranos.† The people on these shows are extremely devoted people to their families and religions, but they have somehow â€Å"morally justified† their actions of killing, stealing, and lying. How is it that these extremely devoted family men and supposedly devoted members of the Catholic religion think that what they are doing is moral is a mystery to me. Yet they wear their â€Å"crosses,† cross themselves, love th eir kids, and dedicate  themselves to the â€Å"family† while killing people who get in the way. Now that’s an interesting morality. But morals don’t stop there. Think of all the hundreds of cultures who have totally different ideas of morality. Some cultures think it is perfectly fine to have as many wives as they want; some think only one wife is moral in the eyes of God. Some cultures think that it is fine to steal if you need food; other cultures think that stealing is stealing and is never morally justified. Some cultures think that â€Å"an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth† judgment is fine; other cultures think that this type of moral thinking is barbaric. When you leave MORAL THINKING to society and religion, there is no such thing as â€Å"absolute morality.† So, is there any such thing as a 100% MORAL PERSON? I think not, at least based on the criteria, culture, society, and religion telling us what our morals should be. ETHICS are a totally another matter. With ethics, you are free to choose your personal philosophy of conduct to guide your life. You are not dependent on the judgment of society or religion â€Å"based in fear† when making your ethical decisions. For example, I believe in telling the truth not because God may curse me, but because it is the right and best thing to do based on my personal ethics. I believe in being 100% faithful to my wife, not because adultery is a sin, but because being true to your wife is the smart and right thing to do. It is a better and happier way to live, again not because God will send me to hell if I commit adultery, but because it is the right and best way to live my life ba sed on my ethical way of seeing things. I believe in keeping the laws of the land, however, I am not living my life based on the rules of society and religion, but solely based on a pragmatic and ethical way of living. I don’t refrain from stealing because I’m afraid I might go to jail. I don’t steal because I have decided not to steal based on my ethics. I don’t have to be commanded to give to the poor. I concern myself with giving to and helping the poor based on my ethics.I have the freedom to choose and if I am smart, I will choose personal ethics that will enrich my life and the lives of others. As with all other freedoms, there is always the risk that I will make ethical decisions that could cause me to drift over to the â€Å"dark side.† That’s the problem with the freedom to choose or free agency. Anytime we allow people the freedom to choose, we also give them the freedom to make bad choices. If you want to make bad ethical decisions that will make you, and perhaps others, unhappy,  then you can. However, if you want to make good ethical decision that will make you and others happier, you have the freedom to make those ethical decisions too. I choose personal ethics to govern my life that make me happier, while I strive to enri ch the lives of others. It’s the ethical thing to do based on my personal ethics. You don’t have to tell me not to lie, not to steal, not to kill, not to commit adultery, etc. I have already made my ethical decisions to NOT do those things. You don’t have to tell me to give to the poor, love my neighbor and my enemies, use my free agency for good, etc. I have already made these personal ethical decisions. I choose my principles of personal conduct because I have thought about them. My ethics are my ethics, and yet interestingly enough, they almost always agree with society and religion. The only difference is I made these decisions. My personal thinking determines my ethics. I made these ethical choices. Not because I was told by society or religion to think a certain way but because I thought it was the best way to live a complete and fulfilled life of happiness. Freedom to think is a great concept. We ought to use this freedom more often. Think about it. Larry John is the international author of Think Rich to Get Rich, a detailed outlining of the 4 pillars of wealth, and Larryisms, an introduction to pragmatic thinking. He owns a successful advertising agency and enjoys his many entrepreneurial plots and adventures including: real estate, sales and marketing, public relations, publishing, radio broadcasting ([http://www.radioarizona.net]), and many more. He is also the founder of The Pragmatic Thinker found at ThePragmaticThinker.com. His first book has been reprinted in several different languages and the exposure continues to grow. His second book will be released in October of 2007 and is available at amazon.com and ThePragmaticThinker.com. It is also available through Baker & Taylor. Larry enjoys applying pragmatic principles of thinking to his business and his personal life and finds that through a greater understanding, a higher level of success and happiness is achieved. For instance fox hunting in England was ethical till the other day, because that was the tradition, and there was no law against it. But the recent legislation banning it made it illegal, and the widespread protests against the evil nature of the sport caused a cessation of the tradition supporting it, and therefore it became unethical. Morals on the other hand are made of sterner stuff, and usually do not change. It will for instance always be  immoral to m urder another human being, no matter who the person committing the act is. Ethics are well defined and quite neatly laid down. Take the case of professionals like doctors and lawyers. They know what the ethics of their profession dictate. A doctor will never divulge his patient’s medical history to anyone other than the patient himself, unless authorized by the later, or required under law to do so. Similarly a lawyer will never compromise his client’s interest notwithstanding his own disposition towards his client. But morals are of a subliminal nature and deciding upon what constitutes them is not that easy. We know of moral dilemma, not an ethical one. Take the case of abortion. Is it moral? On the one hand there may be extremely compelling grounds in its favor, but is taking a human life, even if not fully formed, ever going to be considered a moral act? Following ethics is therefore a relatively simple affair; after all it only involves a set of socially acceptable guidelines which benefit all. Morals are however relatively difficult to a dhere to. The religious sect of Jains in India believes that the only matter which can be consumed by human beings is leaves and fruit which have fallen off trees. No grain, no dairy products, no eggs, nor any meat. Why they are supposed to cover their mouths and noses with a piece of cloth, so that they may not inadvertently kill microscopic organisms by the very act of breathing. Now those are tough morals to follow! We can clearly see that morals and ethics though seemingly similar are in fact quite distinct. While the former constitute a basic human marker of right conduct and behavior, the latter is more like a set of guidelines that defined accepted practices and behavior for a certain group of people. Summary: 1. Ethics relates to a society whereas morality relates to an individual person. 2. Ethics relate more in a professional life while morals are what individuals follow independently. Read more: Difference Between Ethics and Morals | Difference Between | Ethics vs Morals http://www.differencebetween.net/business/difference-between-ethics-and-moral

Mood Disorder, an Umbrella Term to a Host of Disorders

Mood disorder: this is a group of diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV TR) which classifies mental health, this particular one is when a person's mood is seen to be the underlying cause of mental health issues. This umbrellas a host of disorders, such as; Bipolar Disease (SD), Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and also less severe depressions such as dysthymic or cyclothymic.Some mood disorders can be substance induced, (due to someone's drug use) or alcohol induced, and other mood disorders could be Just one episode or recurrent. Personality disorders: social disorders, characterised by an individual's pattern of behaviour, cognition, and inner experience, these patterns of behaviour are developed early on and are seen to be inflexible and cause distress and/or disability.For the pattern of behaviour to be classed as a disorder it means that the patterns displayed by the individual deviates from the social norms of the majority of society. Pe rsonality disorders: this is a term that covers several forms of mental disorders, which are characterised by excessive worrying, uneasiness, fearfulness and pprehension about future uncertainties, which could be based upon real or imagined events. These can then affect an individual's physical and psychological health.Some people can experience continuous episodes of these symptoms whilst others are less frequent, so are classified as either generalised anxiety disorders or phobias. 1. 2) the strengths of the classification system are that it is structured and allows medical professionals to recognise the disorders and make an informed diagnosis. However there are limitations: it is very black and white and doesn't give ccount for other reasons as to why a disorder could occur, such as someone being in severe pain, or having social difficulties such as bullying.It also doesn't consider that there could be an overlapping of disorders, and therefore can have a detrimental effect on d iagnosis and delay the diagnosis and treatment in some circumstances. 1. 3) there are alternative frameworks for the diagnosis of mental distress. The first is the biological and medical frame work which considers factors such as brain defects, results of accidents and hereditary diseases when diagnosing any mental distress.There is also a behavioural framework which considers how learned habits can effect an individual and how external stressors combined with the individuals personality can cause result in mental disorder. 1. 4) If an individual is suffering from a mental distress or disorder the symptoms of this can be shown in varies ways and medical practitioners will be vigilant to these when diagnosing the individual.The symptoms shown can include: The individual feeling sad or down for periods of time The individual withdrawing themselves from social situations Dramatic changes in he individuals eating habits The individual's refusal to take care of them self, (personal hygie ne, changing clothes, looking after their property) Low energy, extreme tiredness Paranoia Hallucinations Excessive worrying or feeling of guilt over real or imagined events Confusion Extreme highs and extreme lows in the individuals mood Anger towards others, particular those close to them and without due reason Hostility and violence towards others or themselves Changes in the individuals sex drive Suicidal thoughts Inability to cope with daily tasks and stressors Abuse of alcohol or drugs Sometimes the symptoms can come in the form of a physical pain in the individua'ls chest, abdomen, back, head, and other unexplained aches and pains. It is often a close friend, family member or care giver that notices these changes in a person that must be reported and recorded.If I was to notice these changes in an individual in my care it would be my duty to approach the subject with the individual if they have the capacity, I would discuss with my manager the best course of action to take an d ollow this through, it could be that I need to contact the individuals next of kin, GP, or social worker. 2. 1) An individual could experience a lot of forms of discrimination due to misinformation, misinterpretation and common stereotypes society has. Potential or current employers could deter from a person's potential or ability due to not understanding how a mental disorder could affect someone, and in this case it could prove to make the individuals condition worse. Friends and family members can begin to fear the behaviour of the individual and thus withdraw from them. the individual has carers attending to them, the carers could become fearful or put up personal barriers. They could be treated with caution by all people known to them. 2. 2) Mental ill health can impact an individual in numerous ways. Psychologically and emotionally: the individual may become withdrawn further from social groups and or family members who could add to their ill health. Mental health issues can impact a person's self-esteem and self-worth, which would cause them to feel more down and possibly have suicidal thoughts or tendencies. An individual's family and friends could become concerned about the individual, and therefore try to be there for them more, visit more regularly, and this would put a strain on them personally.Practically and financially: an individual's mental ill health could affect their ability to work, therefore can have a detrimental effect on their ability to pay their bills and/or live day to day. It can affect the person's ability to fill out forms when looking for a Job, or paperwork for their current role. They may also be unable to cope with everyday iving such as looking after themselves, family members or their property. If a person is suffering from mental ill health and is experiencing symptoms such as violence, paranoia and inability their fellow work force would be impacted as they may not want to work this person, it could leave them in danger or with an extra work load, or themselves not wanting to go to work as their work environment is disrupted.Using services: the individual may withdraw from services they are already using; such as day centres. They could feel unable to talk to people and therefore not enlist the aid f services such as social services, day centres, GPs, other medical services. on the individuals close family and friends. It could add extra pressure onto them to be there for the individual, and to take on further responsibility where they are concerned Positive impacts: when a mental disorder is untreated or undiagnosed the individual can become stuck, and not see a way forward, therefore viewing everything negatively and in turn this can cause the mental distress to spiral out of control.This can also affect the individuals family and friends who are trying to help, and trying to ive them positive thoughts and suggestions, they may end up feeling like they should no longer bother to help, this would then result in them possibly giving up leaving the individual feeling more alone than ever. 2. 4) There are benefits to the individual, their family and social network and society with early intervention of an individual's mental health. The earlier a disorder is detected means that It can be treated early and recent studies have shown that early intervention means relapses are less likely, as is hospitalisation, and symptoms can be less severe.

How Did the Constitution Guard Against Tyranny Essay Example

How Did the Constitution Guard Against Tyranny Essay Example How Did the Constitution Guard Against Tyranny Paper How Did the Constitution Guard Against Tyranny Paper The Constitution had done anything they could to defend against tyranny, but how did they do it? In 1787 55 men representing The American States met in Philadelphia to fix their government. Everybody from the States could have a say in this, and all agree equally to guarding against tyranny. Tyranny is a government in which a single ruler is vested with absolute power. The Constitution had guarded against tyranny in four different ways which were Federalism, Separation of powers, Checks and balances and Big states vs small states The beginning guard against tyranny was Federalism, which is a political concept in which a group of members are bound together by covenant. James Madison had stated in a â€Å"Federalist Newspaper† about Federalism and how it basically worked for the Colony. Federalism protects against tyranny because Federalism isnt an absolute power, its a division of power to certain members of a covenant. The additional guard against tyranny was Separation of Powers which means the government was separated into different branches. The Constitution states that the Separation of powers were legislative, executive and judicial branches. Separation of power can defend against tyranny simply because there is 3 powers, not one; which does not make America have an absolute power. The third guard against tyranny were Checks and Balances, which were the balances in the 3 branches of power. In the constitution, there is a diagram stating which branch has power for each other. This power protects against an absolute power because if each power checks on each other, they are certain that they will not become powerful then one another. The last guard against tyranny was the Big States versus the Little States which means that each state will have certain amounts of senator’s ( The bigger the state, the more senators). Articles in the Constitution state that a certain amount of representatives will be chosen for the amount of a states population. This can protect tyranny so One single representative wont become an absolute power. Federalism, Separation of Powers, Checks and balances and Big states vs small states are the four guards made to prevent tyranny in America. This question is extremely important because this little question has shaped our government and country. How the guards prevent tyranny can show anybody how our country can be stable in ways rather then countrys with absolute powers. If we didnt have the guard against tyranny, Im sure America would be a very different place.

Free sample - Political Science. translation missing

Political Science. Political ScienceFreedom and political freedom for that matter refers to the lack of interference with the supreme, independent authority over an area or even territory by individual(s) through use of coercion or aggression. A state is said to be free if her government does not oppress her people. A society which is not free is the said to be a totalitarian society and is characterized by absence of political freedom with an aim to regulate almost every aspect of behavior. With such a society, freedom would refer to human relations only and coercion is a common phenomenon (Phillips, 276). The concept of political freedom is closely associated with civil liberties and individual rights. Political freedom is not a standalone concept but an aggregation of many concepts and freedoms which include; freedom of assembly, freedom of association, freedom of movement, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of press, freedom of thought, freedom from unreasonable seizure, scientific fre edom and academic freedom. All these freedoms shape the political freedom for it is the nature of the politics of any country that they are allowed or even denied (Friedrich A., 84). While freedom is more on the sovereignty of any state and her people, democracy refers to a government of the people, by the people for the people. Democracy can direct where the power to govern the people is directly from the people or it can be representative democracy where people elect or choose representatives to join the authorities on the behalf of the people (Brown H., 44). The United States of America has had a complex political system than most of the other government systems in the world. This is associated with the social divisions in the United States of America. The United States of America has both whites and black Americans. The coexistence of these two groups has not been very friendly. The whites always see the blacks as a lesser gene that incapable of doing what the whites can do. This kind of a division and oppression is seen on almost all the key sectors of the United States Economy from political world, government appointments and even business. As a result, the blacks have struggled their way out of poverty and even if little has been achieved, there is some light at the end of the tunnel. For instance, due to oppression, most blacks went into the music industry where they felt they can influence a large number of people especially the youth. Their music is mostly rap and the message is fighting the oppressing authorities. The whites rule the United States of America. The ruling class has gone further more and above any other in the world to suppress any public discussion about the social classes in the USA. Anticommunist groups in the late 1940 campaigned to outlaw any public opinions on socialism, Marxism among other classes in the United States. Those behind the move were the likes of John McCarthy. The public did not take it lightly and instead responded with fury. It resulted to the 1960 civil unrest in the United States of America. The government put some efforts to frustrate any efforts by the civil society to liberate itself through divide, confuse and rule. Things went out of hand and the American working class started emerging as an independent social force. Other groups like the human rights groups, labor movements and gay liberation all emerged. There was a large division of the society between the small group of capitalist who owned the production factors and was mostly the whites and the majority of the population who must sell their labor capabilities to make a living who were mostly blacks. With those characteristics of the United States of America and its economy, freedom had no meaning especially fir the oppressed and they to fight for it. The Democratic Party became the vehicle to liberation especially for the blacks. Oppressions were along the lines of race and gender. The party recruited blacks, females and Hispanic politicians. With these efforts, the last twelve years of the United States of America has been under two Democratic presidents and one republican with the post of United States secretary of state being given to white man, black man. This can be seen as a step forward towards the achieving freedom through fighting. The biggest hurdle to clear remains not on the racial ground but on the economic division. All these leaders are representatives of ruling class of the US and the world for that matter but not for blacks or white. Barack Obama on being elected the president of the United States of America crowned the fight. Also the dream of martin Luther Kin g jnr. came into fulfillment that one day there will be a more united society in USA where blacks and whites will be treated equally. He is the first African American president and he has overseen the biggest hand over of resources to the rich and Wall Street speculator in history of the United States of America.   He has also promoted nationwide wage cutting and union busting and in this Obama has demonstrated that he is out to serve not to be bonked by his skin color or even origin. United States of America still faces the challenge of a gap along economic endowments with 1 per cent of the population owning 40 per cent of the US wealth and monopolizing about 20 per cent of the total US income. Affirmative action in the public sector Affirmative action is a policy by the government with an aim to fight imbalances and injustices within its citizens. The injustices result unfairness and lack of a level ground for the players. This has been the case in the United States of America. Initially it was along racial biases where the blacks could not mix with the whites; some jobs were reserved for the whites, the big estates and cities were seen to belong to the whites. This is how the northern America has developed to a first world while countries in the Southern America have remained struggling and even today are classified as second world and they are mostly occupied by the blacks. Currently there are biases along economic grounds where the rich rule America and make decisions. Affirmative action would correct these anomalies. The policy though difficult to implement for those in authority and the rich will fight it, will ensure that there is a balance between the whites and the blacks in government appointments among other white collar jobs. Women should be equally represented as well as men. According to the protection clause of the 14th amendment, every citizen needs to be given an equal opportunity. Citizens should not be exposed to unfairness. For this to be realized then affirmative action is inevitable for under normal and real circumstances the level ground cannot be achieved for some people in the same economy are so much ahead of the others with resources and political power and hence the government needs to   put some checks and balances.    References Brown, Charles H., the Correspondents' War. New York: Charles Scribers' Sons, 2005. Friedrich August von Hayek, ‘Freedom and Coercion’ in David Miller (ed), Liberty (2007) pp. 80-86 Patrick Martin (2009). The fundamental social division is class, not race or gender.Phillips Shively, Power and Choice: An Introduction to Political Science. 8th ed. NY: McGraw Hill, 2003.

Repent Harlequin, said the Tik Tok Man, by Harlan Ellison Essay

Repent Harlequin, said the Tik Tok Man, by Harlan Ellison - Essay Example The masked Harlequin is the person that is making people late by destructing them on their way to work. He uses bullhorns and jellybeans to confuse people going to work. The behaviour of the Harlequin is just to cause mischief and disrupt the rigid society governed by the need to keep time. The effect of the disruption of people to manage their time is economic problems. The story then goes back to the beginning and talks about life as it is today. People value time although they do not give it so much power (Ellison & Berry Pp. 27). This makes the authority and power of the time in the future world understandable, as one understands its origin. The book brings out clearly the theme of nonconformance. This is seen when the author uses the Harlequin to initiate havoc that disrupts the order and organization of the future society (Westfahl Pp.139). The society started to manage their time and avoid all instances of being late. Those who did not keep the societal obligation of time mana gement faced the wrath of the Ticktockman. However, Harlequin does not keep time, moreover, he engaged in activities that make other people not to conform to the laws of the society. The author also tells the story in a no conformational way. He starts the story in the middle and then goes to the beginning then to the end. The quotes that the author uses in the poem are important as they emphasize better the information that the author is bringing out. The author uses a quote in the beginning of the play, â€Å"Repent, Harlequin!" Said the Ticktockman†, to explain further the book (Ellison & Berry Pp. 27). The quote although short is very expressive and gives readers an idea of what the book is about. The use of the quotes makes the novel even more interesting by breaking the monotony of storytelling. The book brings out the thoughts of the author concerning the way the world is moving. He is thus able to express his thought about how different things in the society have chan ged (Burgess Pp. 72). However, how time controls what people do does not change. In the future, the time becomes a powerful tool and people stop being the master of their time and become slaves. People become slaves of time and they are thus forced to lose their humanity. They no longer use their conscience. They do the same things daily and at the same time. The Harlequin is the only person that is using his conscience. He sees that the routine and time keeping is not good and goes out of his way to do what he wants (Burgess Pp. 72). He is not controlled by the time and contradicts the norm everyone in the new world. This way the book shows the contradictions that come into a system that has controlled all the activities that people do. I believe that the author did not clearly show why and how the present world transitioned to the future world that was ruled by monotony. The book does not have historical processes that bring continuity from this present world to the future world. This is because the author uses some imagery in the book from the future world. The author depicts well how bad the society has become because of putting so much emphasis on time. However, he does not put the events properly into historic events that follow a sequence and develop over time. The characteristics of the bad society just prop up without any origin or event that influences its creation. From the book, the events in the future

The Hardy Weinberg Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Hardy Weinberg Law - Essay Example In the case of a squirrel population containing 1,000 squirrels, there are 2 types of coat colors expressed, red and black. It was determined that 292 squirrels were homozygous dominant, 440 squirrels were heterozygous and 268 were homozygous recessive. The genotypic frequencies are as follows: Let us allow "R" to represent the allele for dominant, red fur. Let us then allow "r" to represent the recessive allele which when presented in a homozygous pair, results in black fur. If 292 squirrels were homozygous dominant, that means that 29.2% of the squirrels were genotypically RR and red coated. If 440 of the squirrels were heterozygous, then 44% of the squirrel population was Rr and red coated. If 268 of the squirrels were homozygous recessive then 26.8% of the squirrel population was rr and black coated. These percentages were simply obtained by dividing the number of squirrels within the same genotype (rr, RR or Rr) by the total number of squirrels. This number is a translation of the actual number of squirrels having the same genotype into a percentage of the overall population of squirrels. To determine the allelic frequency, we will first look at the formula provided in the beginning of this paper.

Support for Israel is Good for the United States Essay

Support for Israel is Good for the United States - Essay Example The main reason for arguing against American support to Israel is an exaggerated claim that Israel is playing a role in bankrupting United States. On this basis, the large amount of money, given to Israel is unnecessary. Others argue that the financial aid given to Israel plays a great role in encouraging the anti-American sentiments amongst the Muslims, and facilitating the growth of the Israeli-Arab conflict. This is because the Israelis are using the money given to them for purposes of buying weapons. They use these weapons to kill Palestinians and their enemies, and this fuels religious conflicts in the Middle-East. In regard to anti-American sentiment, enemies of United States inaccurately use this aid to Israel to form a basis of attacking the interests of United States (Freedman, 2012). These attacks can be manifested through terrorism attacks on American and Israel interest on the various parts of the world. However, the American support of Israel is of great importance to the American economic, and physical security, and that of Israel. One of the reasons as to why the American government should support Israel is that it is a democracy. As democratic countries, Israel and the United States share a number of strategic interests, political and civil values (Blum, 2013). There is also a political, cultural and personal bond that occurs between the Israeli and the American people, based on their democratic values. On this basis, Israel is an important American ally in the Middle east, one in which the American people can depend on for military and economic support (Freedman, 2012). In fact, the American military has unlimited access to the Port of Haifa, which is one of the best ports in the world. As an American military ally, Israel collects intelligence information, which it shares with the American military (Blum, 2013). For example, between 1974, to 1990, Israel received

Developing Privacy in Clinics | Research Study

Developing Privacy in Clinics | Research Study Introduction Privacy has some deep historical roots, however because of its complexity; privacy has been difficult to define. It has often been a heated debate among sociologists, philosophers and scholars (Pritts,2015). The term â€Å"privacy† is frequently used, yet there is no universally accepted definition for the term. Confusion persists over the value, meaning and concept of privacy. At its core, privacy is experienced on a personal level and often interpreted differently by different people (Whitman, 2004:1153). Today, the term is used to signify different, yet overlapping concepts such as the right to disclose personal information about one’s self or to be free from intrusive searches (NRC, 2003:18). Our report focuses on Privacy within the Ikhwezi clinic, in the context of personal information and confidentiality. There are a variety of reasons to improving privacy within Ikhwezi, one being many theorists depict privacy as a basic human right. They see privacy as an essential component of the human well-being. Respecting privacy of an individual contributes to a human’s moral uniqueness (Pritts,2015). The ethical principle of nonmaleficence requires safeguarding personal privacy. Exposure of an individual’s privacy and confidentiality may not only affect their dignity, but may also cause harm (NRC, 2003:18). An example; if confidential information is passed on or over heard by another individual stigma, discrimination and embarrassment may be the end result. Thus, without some form assurance of privacy, patients may be reluctant to provide sensitive information to their doctor. Ensuring privacy can promote more effective communication between the staff of Ikhwezi and patients, which is essential for quality care. However, it is important that the perceptions of privacy differ among individuals, groups and different cultures. No matter how privacy is defined, it is an on-going battle among staff and patients in Ikhwezi Clinic. It is important that all members within our societies work together to ensure every patient are treated according to the Patients’ rights charter. 1.1 Research problem: Ikhwezi is a clinic located on the out skirts of Nomzambo, a rural area that runs parallel to the N2 (Medpages, 2015), tries to help their local community by prevention of disease and to promote community health by offering family planning services and other basic health care. The poor living conditions in Nomzambo entails the community to live restricted lifestyles where residents are susceptible to disease and live in poor conditions. This creates a constant worry among the residents about their health status. Ikhwezi Clinic is growing and struggles with an extreme form of a lack of privacy. 1.2 Problem statement: Ethical health practice and privacy protections both provide valuable benefits to society. Health treatments are vital to human health and health care improvement and protecting individuals’ rights is essential to the conduct of ethical practice. The primary justification for protecting personal privacy is to protect the interests of individuals (Nass, 2009: 10). Privacy is a large issue being faced within Ikhwezi Clinic. As a group we decided to focus mainly in Ikhwezi’s HIV waiting and counselling area. What would be an effective way to solve Ikhwezi’s privacy problem? Where is privacy a present issue in Ikhwezi clinic? How would patients benefit from privacy structures being implemented? Who would be affected most by the lack of privacy Ikhwezi clinic? 1.3 Background: Informal settlements have become a common problem in developing countries around the world due to the rapid population growth, social and economic systems (Ndingaye, 2005:1). Due to limited resources available and minimal municipal support, these settlements often face social and economic concerns that result in poor living conditions and transmission of disease, therefore health care is needed in rural communities. Ikwezi Clinic, located on the out skirts of Nimzambo, helps their local community and others by prevention of disease and promoting community health. Ikwezi is growing each and every day and sees an average of 500 patients a day. It is noisy, busy which results in a lack of privacy among the patients and staff. Literature review: This literature review will provide an analysis of privacy and privacy in third world countries . According to Gaede and Versteeg the relationship between social and health causes is poverty and food security (2011: 100). From whichever lenses or angle viewed, poverty poses, financial, emotional social and physical predicaments that puts residents in a state of jeopardy (Rose and Charlton, 2001:383 ). It deprives and often pushes victims of poverty to grapple in getting even their most basic needs. Deprivation in rural areas contribute significantly to the nation’s poor health status and has impacted the availably of healthcare services (Sankar, 2003: 659). Today, accessing affordable, good quality and comprehensive health care in South Africa remains a real challenge for many (Gaede and Versteeg, 2011: 101). Since 1994, there have been significant improvements in the healthcare system, an example; free primary health care (Sankar, 2003: 659). According to section 27 of the Constitution the right to access healthcare services is guaranteed. It went as far as creating The Patients Rights Charter in 1996 which includes confidentiality and privacy as a sub heading (Gaede and Versteeg, 2011: 101). However, even with this law set in place many patients are still unaware or misunderstands their legal or ethical legal right to medical confidentiality (Sankar, 2003: 659),( Lammes, 2005: 903) . Despite the diminished state of medical confidentiality it still remains highly important among medical practitioners and patients. Effective treatment requires accurate information. Patients are mostly likely going to provide the information needed when they do not have to worry about any of their private information being publicly exposed (Gaede and Versteeg, 2011: 100),( Nass, 2009: 12) . Communication between doctors and patients has attracted an increasing amount of attention within health care studies over the past few years. Notably the doctor-patient relationship is one of the most complex ones. It involves interaction between two individuals; often personal information is disclosed and requires close cooperation from both individuals. Inter personal communication is still the primary tool which the doctor and patient exchange information (Sankar, 2003: 660). Information exchange consists of exchanging information to establish the right diagnosis and treatment plan. However a patient is not going to freely discuss personally information if they do not feel comfortable or feel that their information will not be kept discreet (Sewell, 2013: 17). Privacy has some deep historical roots, however because of its complexity; privacy has been difficult to define (Sankar, 2003: 660). The same as in the Xhosa society, the term â€Å"privacy† is frequently used, yet there is no universally accepted definition for the term. Confusion persists over the value, meaning and concept of privacy ( Nass, 2009: 15), ( Lammes, 2005: 908). Privacy has been depicted as a basic human right by man theorists (Lammes, 2005: 904), (Gaede and Versteeg, 2011: 100). However it is felt that privacy is also a requirement when wanting to develop interpersonal relationships with others. By giving people the ability to control who knows what and who has access to their information would alter their behaviour with different people, allowing them to maintain and control various social relationships (Nass, 2009: 15) . The South African society has placed a high emphasis on an individuals’ right to medical confidentiality. Medical records can include some of the most intimate details about a person’s life. They often contain information about a patients mental a physical health, personal relationships and social behaviours. It is strongly advised for staff to reassure their patients that their information is kept confidential. It has been proven that when patients perceive that their health services are not confidential, they are less likely to seek care or disclose vital personal information (Lammes, 2005: 904). Protection of personal information is key, as it is sensitive, potentially embarrassing and private. However, if personal information is breached, the individual may face potential harm. The patient could face social harm as a stigma may be created, which may result in a cause of social isolation. These articles show that the protection of health care information is vital for ensuring that individuals’ seek and obtain quality health care. Methodology This research report is shaped by themes such as privacy, privacy in Ikhwezi and privacy experienced by different cultures. However, the fundamental goal of this project was to help a local rural clinic Ikhwezi in Strand from privacy issues faced within the clinic among the staff and patients. Objectives were established to obtain this goal: Gather information about privacy. Gather information about Ikhwezi, the patients and staff. To find where Ikhwezi struggles with privacy by interviewing patients and staff. Explore different options to alleviate privacy issues. Propose an idea or solution The most important aspects of research will be to find possible solutions to alleviate the privacy issue faced by both staff and patients in Ikhwezi, with the hope by the end of the research a solution could be recommended. 3.1 Research Type Literature review The literature review will take care of correcting the theoretical material available on privacy and rural clinics in third world countries around the world. It helps to widen the scope of knowledge, strengthen thoughts to be more independent on the discussion of the evaluation of the effects of privacy. Necessary background information and current situations will be looked at in order to gain more insight and knowledge. Case Study Case studies allow for in depth descriptions of the studies which generate a richness of perceptions while exploring, recording and reflecting data recorded. Case studies are particularly useful when one needs to understand specific people, situations, a particular problem or a unique situation in greater depth (Trochim, 2013). Why Choosing a Qualitative Approach? This study is done in a qualitative informative research paradigm. The reason to why the qualitative methodology was selected to gather information was because a certain issue and problem needs to be explored for this study. A complete understanding of the issue is required; therefore empowering individuals to share their stories would be the way forward (Thagaard , 2003: 12). Qualitative research allows one to place yourself among the subject matter within ‘real life’ situations which could also be referred to as a ‘natural setting’. Qualitative helps provide insights into the setting of the problem and helps generate ideas or hypotheses for later quantitative research (Trochim, 2013). Qualitative methodology allows one to also obtain first-hand knowledge about the social world and experiences of people in Ikhwezi. It also develops the analytical and conceptual components of explanation from the data collected. Another reason to why the quantitative method was selected as a form of gathering research was because most of the patients in Ikhwezi we not English speaking and illiterate, therefore a verbal and more personal interaction with the community would benefit this study Participant Observation To gather the needed research, our group made a two hour visit to Ikhwezi. We were given a guided tour and we were allowed to walk around freely. According to Thagaard (Thagaard , 2003: 15) observation is based on an attempt to understand the culture from the inside by participating with the subjects of the study. The position as an outsider can contribute to a more distanced perspective on the other culture. This, further helped by gathering more in-depth insight towards the problems faced. References : Gaede, B and Versteeg, M. 2011. The state of the right to health in rural South Africa. SAHR. 9(1): 99-106. Lammes, B. 2005. Doctor-patient communication: a review of the literature. Elsevier Scienc. 40(7): 903-918. Medpages, 2015. Ikhwezi Clinic. Medpages. [Online]. Avaiable: http://www.medpages.co.za/sf/index.php?page=organisationorgcode=113375. [25 February 2015]. Nass, J. 2009. Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule: Enhancing Privacy, Improving Health Through Research. United States: Institute of Medicine. Ndingaye, X. 2005. [An evaluation of the effects of poverty in Khayelitsha: a case study of Site C]. Bellville: University of Western Cape. (Unpublished Masters of Arts in Development thesis). NRC, 2003. Who goes there?: Authentication through the lens of privacy.Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Pearson, M., Wilson, H. 2012. Soothing spaces and healing places: Is there an ideal counselling room design? . Psychotherapy in Australia. 18(3): 46 – 53. Pritts J. 2015. The importance and value of protecting the privacy of health information: Roles of HIPAA Privacy Rule and the Common Rule in health research. Bookshelf. [Online]. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9579/#a20016f79rrr00082. [20 February 2015]. Rose, D and Charlton, K. 2001. Prevalence of household food poverty in South Africa: results from a large, nationally representative survey. Public Health Nutrition. 5(3): 383–389. Sankar, P. 2003. Patient Perspectives on Medical Confidentiality. J Gen Intern Med. 18: 659-669. Sewell, J. 2013. Overcoming barriers to HIV testing in the UK: Lessons from Kenya, Zimbabwe and South Africa. Mediscript Ltd. 13(4): 14-18, Winter. Trochim, W. 2013. Qualitative Measures. Research Methods and Knowledge Base. [Online]. Available: http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/qual.php. [20 February 2015]. Whitman, J. 2004. The Two Western Cultures of Privacy: Dignity. Yale law school. 113(1):1553-1221. Fall. The Trojan Horse Virus: An Overview The Trojan Horse Virus: An Overview Another type of malware that is not technically a virus because there is usually no auto-replication is a Trojan horse program, which seems to be something useful, as a free utility, but actually contains some kind of malware. The unhappy about a Trojan program that is running the software users willingly and still do not know what is causing problems on their systems. Rootkits are a form of Trojan horse programs that can monitor the traffic from a computer, monitor keystrokes and capturing passwords. Are the most modern backdoor on one system and are between the most insidious Trojan horse software because they can mask that the system has been compromised by changing the file system and drivers needed for the normal operation of the computer. Viruses A virus is a program that spreads, replicating it in other programs or documents. Its only purpose is to interrupt the operation of your computer or network by deleting or corrupting files, disk formatting or by using large quantities of computer resources. Viruses and worms that spread through e-mail attachments were common place for years. They are simple to avoid; just dont open any attachments from emails sent by someone who you arent expecting a message. Even if you know the sender, careful; malware programs may use address book from an e-mail program to send messages, causing you to believe that the message is safe. In fact, most virus scanners detect a virus or worm contained in an e-mail message and often excludes the annex before it ever reaches your Inbox, but if the virus is very new, it cannot be detected. Worm A worm is similar to a virus that replicates automatically, but a worm does not attach to another program; indeed, it is a standalone program. Worms are now more common than viruses, because with the Internet and network connectivity, worms in general do not need help to spread. Whereas a virus requires a user to run the program that contains the virus to operate and then copy this file to spread a worm can do their work without any help and can propagate through a network connection available. Some insidious actions that a worm can commit include using the network bandwidth, deleting files, send e-mails and creating backdoors in computers. NETWORK SECURITY POLICY Without a security policy, the availability of your network can be compromised. The policy begins with the assessment of risk to network and build a team to respond. Continuation of the policy requires the practical implementation of change management and monitoring of network security for breaches of security. Finally, the review process modifies the existing policy and adapts the lessons learned. The last area of responsibility is the answer. While often network monitoring identifies a security violation, the security team members that are the real solution and fixing of such violation. Each Member of the security team should know in detail the security features provided by the equipment in its operational area. While we define the responsibilities of the team as a whole, you must define the individual roles and responsibilities of the security team members in your security policy. Approving Security Changes Security changes are defined as changes to network equipment that can have an impact on overall network security. Your security policy must identify the requirements of specific security configuration in non-technical terms. In other words, instead of setting a requirement as no outside sources FTP connections will be allowed through the firewall, set the requirement as outside connections should not be able to retrieve files from inside the network. You need to define a unique set of requirements for your organization. The security team should review the list of simple language requirements to identify issues of design requirements or specific network configuration. After the team created the network configuration changes necessary to implement the security policy, you can apply these possible future configuration changes. Although it is possible for the security team review all changes, this process enables them to only review the changes that risk sufficient to justify special treatment. We recommend that the security team to review the following types of changes: Any change in the firewall configuration. Any amendment (ACL) of access control lists. Any changes to the configuration of the simple network management protocol (SNMP). Any change or update software that differs from the list of approved software revision. We recommend that you also meet the following guidelines: Change passwords for network devices on a routine basis. To restrict access to network devices to a list of approved personnel. Ensure that the current revision levels of environments software network servers and equipment are in accordance with the security configuration requirements. Monitoring Security of Your Network Security monitoring is similar for network monitoring, except focuses on the detection of network changes that indicate a security breach. The starting point for security monitoring is to determine what constitutes a violation. Conduct a risk analysis, we identify the level of monitoring required based on the threat to the system. By adopting security changes, we identify specific threats to the network. Looking at both of these parameters, I will develop a clear picture of what you need to monitor and frequency. In risk analysis matrix, the firewall is considered a high-risk network, indicating that he should follow. In approving security changes section, youll find that you must monitor for changes to the firewall. This means that the SNMP polling agent should monitor things such as failed login attempts, unusual traffic, changes to the firewall, access granted to the firewall and configuration of connections through the firewall. Following this example, create a monitoring policy to each area identified in your risk analysis. We recommend that the equipment of low risk, medium risk equipment weekly and daily monitoring equipment high-risk per hour. If you need more rapid detection, monitor in a short time interval. Finally, your security policy should address how to notify the security team of security breaches. Often, your network monitoring software will be the first to discover the breach. It should trigger a notification to the operations centre, which in turn shall notify the security team using a pager number, if necessary.

Treatment of Change and Expansion in Lotos-Eaters and Rip Van Winkle :: Lotos Winkle

Treatment of Change and Expansion in Lotos-Eaters and Rip Van Winkle      Ã‚   During the Victorian Era, great accomplishments lead to prosperity for the British Empire. Accomplishments include owning nearly a quarter of the world’s land and its people. As a result, trade and commerce expanded, and Great Britain reached the height of its power. Furthermore, science rapidly made progress during this time. These rapid strides in economic and technological advances gave the British people a feeling of pessimism about whether they were progressing for the good. As a result, people began to question man’s place, or duty, on earth. Also occurring within the time of the Victorian Era is the American Renaissance. During this period, Americans were expanding their territory according to the belief in Manifest Destiny, or the idea that God or Nature intended for the United States to spread its civilization from coast to coast. Like the British, Americans questioned their moral responsibility concerning change and expansion. Consequently, the concer ns of the people were echoed in the literature written during these time periods. For example, the Victorian poet, Alfred Tennyson, voiced his concerns about constant change and expansion in "The Lotos-Eaters," while the American writer, Washington Irving, also expressed his concerns in "Rip Van Winkle." An examination of the poem, "The Lotos-Eaters," and the short story, "Rip Van Winkle," reveal that Tennyson and Irving romanticized the concept of stasis while also questioning the duty of change and expansion.    In "The Lotos-Eaters," Tennyson romanticizes nature in order to emphasize the virtues of a land that remains in stasis as opposed to a land that is in constant change. When the mariners land on the island, its is described as a "land where all things always seemà ¢d the same" (Tennyson 24). Tennyson is saying that the beauty of the island has been preserved because no one has attempted to change it. Tennyson is also saying that colonization and expansion lead to industry, which strips nature of its beauty. Furthermore, the atmosphere of the island is romanticized in that "there is neither sharp sunlight nor clear moon, only the haze of a seemingly perpetual afternoon; the air itself is languid and the stream, not full and rushing but slender and slow, seems to pause in its fall from the cliff" (Ryals 97). The idea of an island that remains constantly at the most pleasant time of day and a stream that is barely moving romanticizes the idea of being at rest with no worries.

Belonging Essay

Belonging is a natural reaction, intrinsic. We search in order to find a community, a group of friends, a country in which we belong. America is a place whereWhen we feel uncomfortable, we say â€Å"I don’t belong here† and when you find a situation in which you are happy, you can be yourself, natural and free you feel as if it was created only for you. It can also be the most wonderfully liberating experience when you find yourself in a culture in which you do not belong. In not belonging, you become someone free of restrictions, free of the expectations, free to creatively exre your imagination without the guilt that often latently lies behind the veiled threat of failure and disappointment. The apparent fact of not belonging is open for everyone, but it†tms the course of action taken in light of this cultural segregation which should be the goal of the traveler today. â€Å"I had, I realized become strangely accustomed to living in Korea, even though a part of me desired to be back on the beach in Thailand. Rules, or lack of, which shaped me more as an individual than any thing else I had experienced in my life. We are expected to increase our spending power as we age, not our understanding of other cultures, not our compassion for each other or for those living on the other side of the economic spectrum. The traveler, if open to the possibility, is in a perfect position to experience this transcendence. America is the ultimate machine, the ultimate company, and the by-product of its hyper capitalist model is the increasingly glaring loss of personal creativity and individualism within its borders. We are consumers and we are resources to be used and abused in a cycle of production of consumption. I didn†tmt belong, but I could never belong and it was a liberating experience, one which taught me in a way the rules for living on the fringe of a society. I was an outsider, I obviously did not belong into this society, one which is very homogeneous, one in which a foreigner learns to live with the constant attention of being gawked and stared at, around each corner, in each subway car, in every restaurant, everywhere. In our own cultures, where in a sense, at least culturally, linguistically and historically we do belong, life often becomes a stifling world in which our lives are predestined, packaged products.

Personal Curriculum/Educational Philosophy Statement Essay

In this paper I have written regarding my educational philosophy. It answers the questions: Why I teach? Also indicating what personal philosophies I follow. How I teach? Which states the approach towards curriculum that I believe in. Lastly, What I teach? Which connects more to my personal belief in the classroom. Teaching is not for everyone but when you love what you do, it can be a rewarding and exciting profession. My philosophy as a teacher has always been to preserve the idea that the young minds sitting before me are the future citizens of our community. I see my responsibility as a guide to my students so that they may grow towards the development of their own independence and success with good judgement, patience, and vision as they become the leaders of our next generation. I feel that it is the responsibility of the teacher to get to know everyone of their students, their weaknesses and their strengths. It’s also important to build a personal trust. This trust leads to a successful mentorship with the learner. My approach towards education and curriculum is one that is less rigid and technical. I prefer one that is humanistic. This approach includes lessons based on life experiences, group games, group projects, artistic endeavors, dramatizations, field trips, social enterprises, learning and interest centers, and homework and tutoring stations ( or corners). These activities include creative problem solving and active student participation. They emphasize socialization and life adjustment for students, as well as stronger family ties and school – community ties (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2013, p. 7). I feel that that in education more than one personal educational philosophy is required. A teacher needs to discover what philosophy or philosophies work in today’s classroom. This needs to be dependent upon the teacher and on today’s society. Times are constantly changing and evolving. I incorporate essentialism, perennialism, and progressivism, with a bit of realism and idealism to challenge my students as individuals and productive members of society. In all, I aim to educate my students, to cultivate intellect, to promote the intellectual growth of the individual, to educate the competent person, and to promote democratic social living (2013, p. 48). The starting point in curriculum is also your philosophy. In realism, realists view the world in terms of objects and matter (2013, p. 32). In idealism, learning is a primarily intellectual process that involves recalling and working with ideas (2013, p. 31). People can come to know the world through their senses and their reason. The goal for my students is to have complimenting dimensions, a strong individualistic nature that works and plays well with other members of society. My educational philosophy aligns with the philosophy of both my personal and professional life. It affects my attitude, influences my decisions, and directs my missions with others. My impact on youth through my years of teaching has proven to be successful; subsequently, I believe my philosophy is a successful â€Å"formula. † I look forward to molding well-rounded young adults that can perform in any situation under any circumstances. I believe the impact that I have made within the educational community, and look forward toward opportunities to continue to make in this area, is that of good judgement, patience, and vision that at one time other adults taught to me.

U-Shaped Kitchen Layout Overview

U-Shaped Kitchen Layout Overview The U-shaped kitchen layout was developed based on decades of ergonomic research. Its useful and versatile, and while it can be adapted to any size kitchen, its most effective in larger spaces.   The configuration of U-shaped kitchens can vary according to the house size and the homeowners personal preference, but generally, youll find the cleaning zone (sink, dishwasher) on the external-facing wall, which sits in the lower curve or bottom of the U. The stove and oven typically will be located on one leg of the U, along with cabinets, drawers and other storage units. And usually,   youll find more cabinets, the refrigerator and other food storage areas like a pantry on the opposite wall.   Benefits of U-Shaped Kitchens A U-shaped kitchen typically has separate work zones for food prep, cooking, cleaning and in eat-in kitchens, a dining area.   Most U-shaped kitchens are configured with three adjacent walls, as opposed to other kitchen designs such as L-shaped or galley, which only use two walls. While both of these other designs have their pluses, ultimately a U-shaped kitchen provides the most counter space for work areas and storage of countertop appliances. A significant benefit of the U-shaped kitchen is the safety factor. The design doesnt allow for through traffic that might disrupt the work zones. Not only does this make the food prep and cooking process less chaotic, but it also helps prevent safety mishaps like spills. U-Shaped Kitchen Drawbacks While it has its advantages, the U-shaped kitchen does have its share of minuses, too. For the most part, its not efficient unless theres room in the center of the kitchen for an island. Without this feature, the two legs of the U may be too far apart to be practical.   And while its possible to have a U shape in a smaller kitchen, for it to be most efficient, the U-shaped kitchen needs to be at least 10 feet wide. Often in a U-shaped kitchen, the bottom corner cabinets can be difficult to access (although this may be remedied by using them to store items that are not frequently needed). U-Shaped Kitchen and Work Triangle Even when planning a U-shaped kitchen, however, most contractors or designers will recommend incorporating a kitchen work triangle. This design principle is based on the theory that placing the sink, refrigerator and cooktop or stove  in proximity to each other makes a kitchen most efficient. If the work areas are too far away from each other, the cook wastes steps while preparing a meal. If the  workspaces  are too close together, the kitchen winds up being too cramped.   While many designs still use the kitchen triangle, its become a bit outdated in the modern era. It was based on a model from the 1940s which presumed only one person prepared and cooked all the meals solo, but in modern  families,  this may not be the case. The  standard kitchen work triangle  is best placed along the base of the U unless a kitchen island is present. Then the island should house one of the three elements. If you place them too far away from each other, the theory goes, you waste a lot of steps while preparing a meal. If they are too close together, you end up with a cramped kitchen without adequate space to prepare and cook meals.